Performance-driven generative design methods are capable of producing concepts and stimulating solutions based on robust and rigorous models of design conditions and performance criteria. Using generative methods, the computer becomes a design generator in addition to its more conventional role as draftsperson, visualizor, data checker and performance analyst. To enable designers to readily develop meaningful input models, this paper describes a preliminary integration of a generative structural design system, eifForm, and an associative modeling system, Generative Components, through the use of XML models. An example is given involving generation of 20 lightweight, cantilever roof trusses for a saddle shaped stadium roof modeled in Generative Components. Synergies between the two systems and future extensions are discussed.

Towards integrated performance-driven generative design tools

This paper presents a unified dynamics solver developed by the author which was first released in AutodeskTM MAYA 8.5. The solver however is a standalone library which could potentially be used in other applications. Current dynamics solvers are usually fine tuned for specific effects such as rigid bodies or cloth. Handling the interaction between these solvers is often problematic as one of them takes precedence over the others. In our Nucleus solver we model all matter as a simplicial complex: a generalization of a triangle mesh that also includes points, curves and solids. This allows interactions such as collisions between various elements of different dimensionality. The internal deformations such as stretch and bend are handled through constraints instead of springs. This makes the simulation more stable for stiff materials such as cloth. Through mutual interactions and constraints many interesting phenomena emerge automatically. The basic philosophy behind Nucleus is that complexity arises by combining simple constraints.

/pdf/nucleus-towards-a-unified-dynamics-solver-for-computer-37f4o0don9.pdf

Nucleus: Towards a unified dynamics solver for computer graphics

In the design of buildings, structural analysis is traditionally performed after the aesthetic design has been determined and has little influence on the overall form. In contrast, this paper presents an approach to guide the form towards a shape that is more structurally sound. Our work is centered on the study of how variations of the geometry might improve structural stability. We define a new measure of structural soundness for masonry buildings as well as cables, and derive its closed-form derivative with respect to the displacement of all the vertices describing the geometry. We start with a gradient descent tool which displaces each vertex along the gradient. We then introduce displacement operators, imposing constraints such as the preservation of orientation or thickness; or setting additional objectives such as volume minimization.

Structural optimization of 3D masonry buildings

This review focuses on identifying the impacts and future development trends for current structural design practice in integration of building information modelling (BIM) technologies. BIM technologies, as novel information management schemes they are, are changing the conventional structure design processes. Currently, utilising BIM technologies for reshaping structural design has been widely acknowledged and embraced by both academic and industry circles. In this research, the current status and issues of the structural design processes (including modelling, analysis, and optimisation of structures) are fully investigated with emphases on specific design stages. The research put efforts on surveying the benefits of BIM in facilitating current structural design, such as systematic modelling processes, powerful interactive visualization platform, and standardised exchanging data interfaces. Impacts of personnel involvement in structural design when adopting BIM have also been identified in detail. Finally, a predicted cross-functional flowchart of BIM-enabled structural design for the near future is proposed, which shows future developing trends in improving structural design quality and addressing current issues.

BIM-Enabled Structural Design: Impacts and Future Developments in Structural Modelling, Analysis and Optimisation Processes

While the overall performance of buildings has been established to be heavily impacted by design decisions made during the early stages of the design process, design professionals are typically unable to explore design alternatives, or their impact on energy profiles, in a sufficient manner during this phase. The research presents a new design simulation methodology based on incorporating a prototype tool (H.D.S. Beagle) that combines parametric modeling with multi-objective optimization through an integrated platform for enabling rapid iteration and trade-off analysis across the domains of design, energy use intensity, and finance. The research evaluates how the proposed method impacts design simulation processes, by either enabling and/or disrupting the early stages of design decision making. This simulation technology is presented through two major experiment sets: (1) a series of hypothetical cases emulating the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) design modeling and simulation process using our integrated simulation framework and technology; and (2) a pedagogically based experiment used for establishing benchmarks. Through these experiment data sets, both quantitative and qualitative data are collected, including human designer and computational analysis speeds, quantity of generated design alternatives, and quality of resulting solution space as defined by the evaluation metric of this research. The affordances for incorporation of real world design complexity into our computational design prototype and simulation methodology are discussed through both the enabling and the disruptive impact on the early stages of the design process.

Designing in complexity: Simulation, integration, and multidisciplinary design optimization for architecture

We present a physics-based generative design approach to interactive form-finding. While form as a product of dynamic simulation has been explored previously, individual projects have been developed as singleton solutions. By identifying categories of computational characteristics, we present a novel unified model that generalizes existing simulations through a constraint-based approach. The potential of interactive form finding simulation is explored through exemplary studies: a conceptual approach to a fixed form that acts as a visualization of interacting forces, and a constraint-based model of the fabrication logic for a panelization system are examined. Implications of constraint-based simulation on future directions are discussed.

/pdf/physics-based-generative-design-3vq9o1m58z.pdf

Physics-based generative design

DesignScript, as the name suggests, is positioned at the intersection of design and programming. DesignScript can be viewed as part of the continuing tradition of the development of parametric and associative modeling tools for advanced architectural design and building engineering. Much of the thought processes that contribute to the effective use of DesignScript builds on the tradition of parametric design and associative modeling that is already widely distributed amongst the creative members of the architectural and engineering communities. Many of the existing parametric and associative modelling tools also support conventional scripting via connections to existing programming languages. The originality of DesignScript is that associative and parametric modeling is integrated with conventional scripting. Indeed, the definition of the associative and parametric model is recorded directly in DesignScript. But it is not what DesignScript does which is important, more what a designer can do with DesignScript. It is this change in the way you think that makes DesignScript worth learning.

DesignScript: Origins, Explanation, Illustration

This paper describes embedded rationality as a method for implicitly combining fabrication constraints into an interactive framework for conceptual design. While the concept of ‘embedded rationality’ has been previously discussed in the context of a parametric design environment, we employ this concept to present a novel framework for dynamic simulation as a method for interactive form-finding. By identifying categories of computational characteristics, we present a unified physics-solver that generalizes existing simulations through a constraint-based approach. Through several examples we explore conceptual approaches to a fixed form where the resulting effects of interacting forces are produced in real-time. Finally, we provide an example of embedded rationality by examining a constraint-based model of fabrication rationale for a Planar Offset Quad (POQ) panelization system.

/pdf/embedded-rationality-a-unified-simulation-framework-for-474tikbtvc.pdf

Embedded Rationality: A Unified Simulation Framework for Interactive Form Finding

Important progress towards the development of a system that enables multi-criteria design optimisation has recently been demonstrated during a research collaboration between Autodesk’s DesignScript development team, the University of Bath and the engineering consultancy Buro Happold. This involved integrating aspects of the Robot Structural Analysis application, aspects of the Ecotect building performance application and a specialist form finding solver called SMART Form (developed by Buro Happold) with DesignScript to create a single computation environment. This environment is intended for the generation and evaluation of building designs against both structural and building performance criteria, with the aim of expediently supporting computational optimisation and decision making processes that integrate across multiple design and engineering disciplines. A framework was developed to enable the integration of modeling environments with analysis and process control, based on the authors’ case studies and experience of applied performance driven design in practice. This more generalised approach (implemented in DesignScript) enables different designers and engineers to selectively configure geometry definition, form finding, analysis and simulation tools in an open-ended system without enforcing any predefined workflows or anticipating specific design strategies and allows for a full range of optimisation and decision making processes to be explored. This system has been demonstrated to practitioners during the Design Modeling Symposium, Berlin in 2011 and feedback from this has suggested further development.

Progress Towards Multi-Criteria Design Optimisation Using Designscript With Smart Form, Robot Structural Analysis and Ecotect Building Performance Analysis"

This paper describes the motivation and design of DesignScript, an end-user domain-specific programming language for algorithmic architectural and geometric design Furthermore, the integration and use of DesignScript within the context of an environmental analysis software application is described that invokes a representative subset of analysis functionality

An integrated approach to algorithmic design and environmental analysis

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