Equity-Based Compensation for Employees: Firm Performance and Determinants

Role of green intellectual capital and top management commitment in organizational environmental performance and reputation: Moderating role of pro-environmental behavior

4. Central Intelligence Agency, since 1841

Role of organizational and environmental factors in firm green innovation and sustainable development: Moderating role of knowledge absorptive capacity

Environmental accounting and performance: empirical evidence from China

Green practices and sustainability are mounting in business organizations around the world. All sized firms have concentrated on environmental and social strategies to benefit the societies that payback in sales and revenue. However, little is known about how Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) improve green strategies in emerging markets, especially in Pakistan. To contribute to the existing literature in small businesses, this research tests the influence of financial resources on green business strategy (environmental, social and economic) with a mediating role of competitive business strategy (differentiation and cost leadership). The results of the structural equation modeling based on the data set of 217 Pakistani SMEs indicate that financial resources do not directly influence green business strategy. However, the relationship between financial resources and green business strategy is significantly mediated by competitive business strategy. This research recommends SMEs utilize their financial resources efficiently and economically to practice green activities. 

Financial resource and green business strategy: the mediating role of competitive business strategy

The aim of the present study was to estimate the frequency of HBV and HCV in the patients of Havelian City. Two hundred Eighty seven (287) patients were diagnosed for hepatitis with a time period of six months from (1st Jan, 2016 to 30th June, 2016).All the blood samples were examined by Immune-Chromatographic Kit (ICT). Out of 287 patients, a total 18 (18.14%) patients were reported positive for HBV and HCV. Among these patients, 8(6.39%) and 10(11.73%) were positive for HBV and HCV respectively. In this study it was reported that that primary high prevalence of HBV and HCV is in majority due to lack of public health awareness on transmission of disease.

https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue2/PartN/5-2-14-785.pdf

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infection in Havelian City, Khyber: Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Purpose
Grounded in upper echelon (UE) theory, this study aims to examine the role of managerial competencies (business experience, financial literacy and digital literacy) in sustainable development strategy, with resource management as a mediator.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical data collection is conducted through a survey completed by 297 top management teams of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Pakistan. Structural equation modelling in Smart PLS is used to substantiate the hypotheses.

Findings
The findings reveal that financially and digitally literate managers significantly contribute to the sustainable development strategies of SMEs. However, experienced managers do not focus significantly on sustainable development strategies. Resource management partially mediates the nexus between financial literacy and sustainable development strategy, as well as between digital literacy and sustainable development strategy. In contrast, resource management does not mediate the nexus between business experience and sustainable development strategy.

Research limitations/implications
This study recommends that SMEs should prioritize managers with digital and financial literacy over those with experience. SMEs led by a management team with digital and financial literacy are more effective in resource management for sustainable development practices, whereas experienced managers may not significantly prioritize managing resources for sustainability.

Originality/value
While research based on the UE theory significantly contributes to the body of knowledge on sustainable development, the role of managerial competencies, particularly business experience, financial literacy and digital literacy, in sustainable development strategy via resource management is neglected. This research fills this gap in the context of UE theory and thereby enriches the literature.


The role of managerial competencies in managing resources for sustainable development strategy in SMEs

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypokalemia in newly diagnosedpatients with acute myocardial infarction. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department ofCardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from February 1st to July 31,2018. Patients of acute myocardial infarction (MI) with age of 40-90 years wereincluded in the study consecutively and serum potassium level was measured.Patients wee admitted and treated according to protocol . Blood was analyzed bysingle pathologist. Data was analyzed by SPSS 10. Results: In this study 197 patients were included, 55.3% males and 44.7%females. Mean age of the patients was 59.5 ± 9.5 years. Serum potassium levelranged from 2.5 to 5.5 mmol/L and mean serum potassium level was 4.0 + 0.3mmol/L. Hypokalemia was recorded in 10.2% of patients. Conclusion: Hypokalemia is not uncommon in patients with acute MI. Furtherstudies are recommended on identifying its risk factors and short/long termoutcomes before drawing future recommendations. Key Words: Myocardial infarction, Potassium, Hypokalemia, Arrhythmias

Hypokalemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective: To find out various factors responsible for delay in thrombolysis in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in District Head Quarters hospital Timergara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from January 2017 to December 2017. All patients admitted to Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) with acute STEMI were enrolled in the study. Sample size of the study was 261. After administering emergency treatment, all patients were interviewed regarding duration of onset of chest pain, hospital arrival time and any factor responsible for delay between onset of chest pain and hospital arrival. Thrombolysis was done and time of thrombolysis was recorded. Results: Mean age of the patients was 60 ± 8 years (28-90 years). Out of total 261 patients, 176 (66.92 %) were thrombolysed. Misconception of having other disease like gastric problem and misdiagnosis by general physician were most common factors responsible for delay in hospital arrival. Conclusion: Misconception of having other disease like gastric problem and misdiagnosis by general physician are most common factors responsible for delay in hospital arrival.

/pdf/factors-responsible-for-late-presentation-of-patients-with-358vtk452g.pdf

Factors responsible for late presentation of patients with acute st elevation myocardial infarction

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