Harnessing the macroalgae seaweed as a feedstock for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to generate bioelectricity represents one of the innovative approaches that have emerged from pursuing sustainable ways for addressing energy and environmental concerns. The present research explores MFC performance, biofilm formation, and organic pollutant removal, which are affected by modifying the anode via Fe2O3@AuNPs/PANI nanocomposite. A physicochemical examination of the anolyte, consisting of anaerobic sludge and seaweed hydrolysate, indicated that it was appropriate for voltage output and showed potential as an MFC substrate. Three distinct nanocomposites were created using varying quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs), namely Fe2O3-1@AuNPs/PANI, Fe2O3-2@AuNPs/PANI, and Fe2O3-3@AuNPs/PANI. TEM examination demonstrated the small size of the produced nanocomposites. Meanwhile, SEM confirmed that AuNPs and Fe2O3 NPs were deposited onto the PANI surface. Among the several anode modifications that significantly affected MFC performance, the Fe2O3-3@AuNPs/PANI-CF anode exhibited the highest voltage (944 mV), power density (222.78 mW/cm³), and current density (269 mA/cm2). The modified anodes significantly improved electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic efficiency by applying cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrogenic biofilm, which was thicker and had more layers, was encouraged to grow on the modified anodes. This showed that the electrons were moving more efficiently and the substrates were being used better. Additional metabolic analyses of the modified anodes showed increased microbial biomass densities and more noticeable biopolymer matrix production. This research implies that seaweed has much potential for use as a valuable resource in MFCs, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly method of producing electricity. This emphasizes how seaweed, a ubiquitous and renewable resource, may be exploited to contribute to fulfilling global energy requirements. 

Enhancing bioelectricity generation in seaweed-derived microbial fuel cells using modified anodes with Fe2O3@AuNPs/PANI nanocomposites

Transient modeling analysis of the traditional DC/DC converters shows their worse effect of nonminimum-phase characteristics due to right-half-plane (RHP) zero existence in their plant transfer function. This RHP zero restricts the bandwidth of the switching converters and, that is the main reason for slower response. The motivation of this paper is to present a new technique for eliminating the RHP zero from the dynamics of a conventional boost converter that can solve the problems associated with the nonminimum phase converters and, to focus on its analysis, design and modeling to achieve a high voltage gain as well as the RHP zero cancellation. The proposed technique uses a transformer combined with switching capacitor cells. The striking feature of the suggested topology is its minimum-phase structure, further enhancement of the voltage gain, switching stress reduction, achievement of an improved frequency response and easiness for the design of a closed-loop control scheme to perform the voltage trajectory tracking task. First, the operation of the proposed converter is identified and then, the corresponding circuit performance is evaluated. By using a suitable design, the control-to-output-voltage transfer function is completely free from the RHP zero. The significant advantages of the proposed converter are established via comparisons. To confirm the design approach and theoretical findings, the simulations are introduced and, numerical experimental results such as Bode diagrams are presented. 

A Magnetically Coupled-Inductor Boost Converter with High Bandwidth and Fast Dynamic Response

Energy harvesting from the microbial fuel cells have a significant attention in the recent days, due to their cost efficiency, simple designing structure and self-powered system. Also, the emergence of internet of things plays a vital role in many real time application scenarios like agricultural purposes and activities. But, the incorporation of these techniques is one of challenging and interesting tasks in the research field. In the conventional works, the internet of things has been utilized as a cloud storage domain for activating the sensors used for environmental monitoring and controlling purposes. The main intention of this paper is to design a robust and cost-effective sludge water based microbial fuel cells, and utilize it for an internet of things incorporated ecological monitoring and farming applications by activating the smart sensors. It discusses about the various electrode combination with several mixture of substrate to study about the optimum performance of microbial fuel cells. To ease the comparative study, Thing Speak platform is used along with the necessary sensors for continuous monitoring. In addition to that, the efficiency of single and dual chamber microbial fuel cell is analyzed based on the set of parameters such as cost, size, and construction. In this work, the microbial fuel cell-based energy harvesting scheme is also developed with switched capacitance-based metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and relay-based charge pump circuit which can be incorporated to the internet of things based agriculture applications. Here, the cost analysis of microbial fuel cell with and without DC–DC converter have been compared for selecting the most suitable one for the application system. Moreover, the digital temperature and humidity sensor can be utilized with the proposed microbial fuel cell system for gathering the inputs of the ecological system, which acts as an interface of the microbial fuel cell and cloud systems. During experimentation, the results of both the energy harvesting schemes are evaluated and compared by using various performance indicators. 

Design and Development of Microbial Fuel Cells Based Low Power Energy Harvesting Mechanism for Ecological Monitoring and Farming of Agricultural Applications

The world’s energy consumption has increased enormously due to increased energy demand. Therefore, this research focuses on alternate eco-friendly energy sources. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical source that converts the chemical energy in organic and inorganic compounds into electricity by using microorganisms as biocatalysts. MFCs attract substantial consideration as they can harvest renewable energy from organic matter. MFC is a low voltage source. An energy harvester is required to extract useable energy from MFC that can accumulate energy in a capacitor and increase the output potential of the MFC. In this paper, an overview of various energy harvesting circuits is discussed. The selection criteria for suitable energy harvesting circuit for a specified application is presented in this paper. Key parameters like cost, power, size of the MFC structure, and energy harvesting circuit (EHC) are discussed in the selection. This paper thoroughly analyses the design of energy harvesting system at the same time the literature works published in the past decade are presented. This review article categorizes the used topologies and comparatively presents their advantages and disadvantages. 

Selection and Design of Energy Harvesting Circuit for Microbial Fuel Cell for Low Power Applications

Microbial Fuel Cell–Based Biosensors and Applications

This paper proposes a model to yield power from the low-power sources like microbial fuel cell (MFC). The structure of the MFC with a suitable energy storage unit is proposed and discussed in detai...

Extendable PSLC Network-Based High-Gain DC–DC Converter with Switched-Capacitor Circuit for Microbial Fuel Cell

Performance assessment of microbial fuel cell with various electrode materials

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Extendable PSLC Network-Based High-Gain DC–DC Converter with Switched-Capacitor Circuit for Microbial Fuel Cell

Performance assessment of microbial fuel cell with various electrode materials

Design and Development of Microbial Fuel Cells Based Low Power Energy Harvesting Mechanism for Ecological Monitoring and Farming of Agricultural Applications