This inorganic text would best serve as a review for someone who has not taken chemistry in a long time and needs to refresh a topic quickly.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed070pA304.1

Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed. (Sharpe, A.G.)

Flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles have been widely used in healthcare monitoring, flexible sensing, thermal management, protective clothing, energy storage, and conversion devices owing to their light weight, user-friendliness, and high-throughput performance. Silk is a traditional fiber material and is one of the most promising candidates for flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles owing to its excellent mechanical properties, outstanding wearing comfort, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Silk can be integrated with flexible electrons into textiles or developed into advanced materials such as conductive fibers, membranes, hydrogels, and scaffolds for smart wearable devices, including actuators, sensors, electronic skin, self-generating devices, energy storage devices, microneedles, and radiation-cooling smart textiles. In this work, we review the spinning formation, unique hierarchical and chemical structures, and fundamental properties of silk fibers. Subsequently, the preparation methods, working mechanisms, and applications of silk materials in various flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles are reviewed. Finally, the persistent challenges and prospects of silk-based flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles are discussed. 

Silk-based flexible electronics and smart wearable Textiles: Progress and beyond

Biomaterials appear promising for creating wearable and electronic devices. For instance, natural silk is flexible, durable, comfortable, breathable and abundant. Silk can take many forms and adapt to the sought-out qualities of wearable devices. For sensor fabrication, silk’s amphophilic structure allows the facile adhesion of active materials. Moreover, substrates made of β-sheet crystallites offer outstanding mechanical strength. Here, we review synthesis and applications of modified silk in energy and sensing. The three ways to modify silk are: before the fiber is spun by the worm, i.e. in-vivo, after it is spun, and by pyrolysis. Methods include electrospinning and hydrogel formation. The produced biocompatible materials can be integrated in supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, water splitting materials, and sensors.

Natural silk for energy and sensing applications: a review

Herein, a flexible, durable, and high-performance cotton-based electrode was fabricated by in-situ polymerized polyaniline (PANI) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) coating. MXene, as a conductive material, improved the conductivity of the PANI/Cotton composites significantly, which could promote electrochemical performance. The fabricated MXene/[email protected] electrode displays a high capacitance of 1027.5 mF cm−2 at the current density of 1 mA cm−2 and stable capacitance retention. At the same time, the flexible supercapacitor based on the MXene/[email protected] electrodes shows high electrochemical performance and excellent stability under bending. 

A high performance flexible cotton-based supercapacitor prepared by in-situ polyaniline and MXene coating

In this paper, the starting point is to create a large surface area, multi-metal cooperative composite material, and then add lithium to enhance the capacitance of the material to build a high-performance and high-stability electrode material. The CoMnLi hydroxide is synthesized on the metal organic framework Ni-BTC, and the composite is vulcanized as Ni-BTC@CoMnLiS using a solvent-thermal process. Moreover, the electrochemical properties electrode materials prepared under different conditions are investigated. It is eventually discovered that the electrode material prepared using water as a solvent having the best electrochemical performance at a reaction time of 6 h, and it is named Ni-BTC@Co2.13Mn1.78LiS4.52#6 (N@CMLS#6). The N@CMLS#6 electrode material has a high specific capacity (1040C g−1, 1 A g−1) and an eminent cycling stability (87.94 %, 10,000 cycles). In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitors devices (N@CMLS#6//AC) exhibit large energy density (82.14 W h kg−1, 800 W kg−1) and good cycle life (85.62 % of the original capacity after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles). Connecting two asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) devices in series may light up tiny Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights, demonstrating its practical utility. 

Design of high-performance transition metal sulfide electrode materials and its application in supercapacitors

Li and S compounds are currently exploited for their applications in battery industry. Here, we discovered that Li–S compounds exhibit supercapacitor like properties in a context-dependent manner viz., when Li and S atoms are entrapped in a conductivity cage of N-doped reduced graphene oxide (ND–RGO) supercapacitor derived from silk cocoon, it resulted in the formation of a superior hybrid Li–S-silk (ND–RGO–Li–S) supercapacitor. Interestingly, ND–RGO–Li–S proves to be a better supercapacitor than ND–RGO alone. Electrochemical properties of ND–RGO versus ND–RGO–Li–S indicated that the later has higher capacitance (~ 10.72%), lower resistance (~ 2.98%), and higher time constant or relaxation time (~ 7.52%). Thus, in one of the first attempts, caging Li and S in ND–RGO supercapacitor matrix offers a new role for Li–S, as an improved supercapacitor, unlike its current application as a battery.

Sequential entrapping of Li and S in a conductivity cage of N-doped reduced graphene oxide supercapacitor derived from silk cocoon: a hybrid Li–S-silk supercapacitor

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Sequential entrapping of Li and S in a conductivity cage of N-doped reduced graphene oxide supercapacitor derived from silk cocoon: a hybrid Li–S-silk supercapacitor