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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Written by leading experts in 5G research, this book is a comprehensive overview of the current state of 5G. Covering everything from the most likely use cases, spectrum aspects, and a wide range of technology options to potential 5G system architectures, it is an indispensable reference for academics and professionals involved in wireless and mobile communications. Global research efforts are summarised, and key component technologies including D2D, mm-wave communications, massive MIMO, coordinated multi-point, wireless network coding, interference management and spectrum issues are described and explained. The significance of 5G for the automotive, building, energy, and manufacturing economic sectors is addressed, as is the relationship between IoT, machine type communications, and cyber-physical systems. This essential resource equips you with a solid insight into the nature, impact and opportunities of 5G.

5G Mobile and Wireless Communications Technology

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found many important applications in communications. They can serve as either aerial base stations or mobile relays to improve the quality of services. In this paper, we study the use of multiple UAVs in relaying. Considering two typical uses of multiple UAVs as relays that form either a single multi-hop link or multiple dual-hop links, we first optimize the placement of the UAVs by maximizing the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio for three useful channel models and two common relaying protocols. Based on the optimum placement, the two relaying setups are then compared in terms of outage and bit error rate. Numerical results show that the dual-hop multi-link option is better than the multi-hop single link option when the air-to-ground path loss parameters depend on the UAV positions. Otherwise, the dual-hop option is only better when the source-to-destination distance is small. Also, decode-and-forward UAVs provide better performances than the amplify-and-forward UAVs. The investigation also reveals the effects of important system parameters on the optimum UAV positions and relaying performances to provide useful guidelines.

/pdf/multiple-uavs-as-relays-multi-hop-single-link-versus-l139x9q7a8.pdf

Multiple UAVs as Relays: Multi-Hop Single Link Versus Multiple Dual-Hop Links

There has been a growing interest in the commercialization of millimeter-wave (mmW) technology as a part of the fifth-generation new radio wireless standardization efforts. In this direction, many sets of independent measurements show that the biggest determinants of viability of mmW systems are penetration and blockage of mmW signals through different materials in the scattering environment. With this background, the focus of this paper is on understanding the impact of blockage of mmW signals and reduced spatial coverage due to penetration through the human hand, body, vehicles, and so on. Leveraging measurements with a 28-GHz mmW experimental prototype and electromagnetic simulation studies, we first propose statistical models to capture the impact of the hand, human body, and vehicles. We then study the time scales at which mmW signals are disrupted by blockage (hand and human body). Our results show that these events can be attributed to physical movements, and the time scales corresponding to blockage are, hence, on the order of a few 100 ms or more. Network densification, subarray switching in a user equipment designed with multiple subarrays, fall back mechanisms, etc., can address blockage before it leads to a deleterious impact on the mmW link margin.

Statistical Blockage Modeling and Robustness of Beamforming in Millimeter-Wave Systems

This paper proposes a telecom big data based user offloading self-optimisation TBDUOS scheme. Its aim is to assist telecom operators to effectively balancing the load distribution with achieving good service performance and customer management in heterogeneous relay cellular systems. To achieve these objectives, in the cell-level offloaded traffic analysis stage, the optimal offloaded traffic is calculated to minimise the total blocking probability. In the user-level offloading stage, the user portrait is drawn and the K-MEANS algorithm is employed to manage the users clustering in the heavily loaded cell, and finally shifting users to assistant cells. Simulation results show the TBDUOS scheme can effectively reduce the handover failure and call dropping of specific users, especially voice/stream users, high consumption users, high level users. The TBDUOS scheme can also reduce the blocking probability.

Telecom Big Data Based User Offloading Self-Optimisation in Heterogeneous Relay Cellular Systems

The long-Term Evolution (LTE) of the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) radio access network is in early stage of specification. Self-tuning and self-optimisation algorithms are currently studied with the aim of enriching the LTE standard. This paper investigates auto-tuning of LTE mobility algorithm. The auto-tuning is carried out by adapting handover parameters of each base station according to its radio load and the load of its adjacent cells. The auto-tuning alleviates cell congestion and balances the traffic and the load between cells by handing off mobiles close to the cell border from the congested cell to its neighbouring cells. Simulation results show that the auto-tuning process brings an important gain in both call admission rate and user throughput.

Handover adaptation for dynamic load balancing in 3gpp long term evolution systems

https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00918897/document

Explicit derivation of interferences in hexagonal wireless networks has been widely considered intractable and requires extensive computations with system level simulations. In this paper, we fundamentally tackle this problem and explicitly evaluate the downlink Interference-to-Signal Ratio (ISR) for any mobile location $m$ in a hexagonal wireless network, whether composed of omni-directional or tri-sectorized sites. The explicit formula of ISR is a very convergent series on $m$ and involves the use of Gauss hypergeometric and Hurwitz Riemann zeta functions. Besides, we establish simple identities that well approximate this convergent series and turn out quite useful compared to other approximations in literature. The derived expression of ISR is easily extended to any frequency reuse pattern. Moreover, it is also exploited in the derivation of an explicit form of SINR distribution for any arbitrary distribution of mobile user locations, reflecting the spatial traffic density in the network. Knowing explicitly about interferences and SINR distribution is very useful information in capacity and coverage planning of wireless cellular networks and particularly for macro-cells' layer that forms almost a regular point pattern.

On the Analytical Tractability of Hexagonal Network Model with Random User Location

Explicit derivation of interferences and SINR distribution in hexagonal wireless networks has been widely considered intractable and generally performed with system level simulations. In this paper, we prove that the hexagonal model is indeed tractable and we provide an explicit formula of downlink interferences and SINR distribution for any arbitrary mobile user locations' distribution reflecting the spatial traffic density in the network. We compare also performances of hexagonal model with those of a Homogeneous Poisson Point Process (HPPP) and we discuss the flexibility of each model in terms of handling the user location variability in the network. We discuss also the importance to have such hexagonal modeling with arbitrary distribution of user locations in the prediction of SINR distribution for each cell in the network.

Tractable Approach for Hexagonal Cellular Network Model and Its Comparison to Poisson Point Process

Third generationUmts network has come with significant high-quality services that considerably increase the complexity of its management. Autonomic management has been introduced to alleviate these complex lengthy tasks. In this paper, we propose an autonomic management of macro-diversity algorithm inUmts networks. The new approach allows to dynamically adapt macro-diversity parameters to varying network situations. The online adaptation of these parameters is made by an intelligent controller calledfuzzy-Q-Learning. The combination of Fuzzy Inference System (Fis) and Q-learning algorithm allows to determine the best on-line parameterization of base stations and to deal with large number of continuous states and actions. The proposed scheme improves the system capacity up to 30% compared to a classical network with fixed parameters, balances the load between base stations and minimizes human interventions in the network management. However, the reactivity of the controller should be chosen with a special care since it impacts the frequency of active set updates and hence signalling messages in the radio interface as well as in the core network.

Fuzzy-Q-learning-based autonomic management of macro-diversity algorithm in UMTS networks

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Papers

Handover adaptation for dynamic load balancing in 3gpp long term evolution systems

Handover adaptation for dynamic load balancing in 3gpp long term evolution systems

On the Analytical Tractability of Hexagonal Network Model with Random User Location

Tractable Approach for Hexagonal Cellular Network Model and Its Comparison to Poisson Point Process

Fuzzy-Q-learning-based autonomic management of macro-diversity algorithm in UMTS networks