Signaling Recognition Events with Fluorescent Sensors and Switches.

BODIPY dyes and their derivatives: syntheses and spectroscopic properties.

Suitable labels are at the core of Luminescence and fluorescence imaging and sensing. One of the most exciting, yet also controversial, advances in label technology is the emerging development of quantum dots (QDs)--inorganic nanocrystals with unique optical and chemical properties but complicated surface chemistry--as in vitro and in vivo fluorophores. Here we compare and evaluate the differences in physicochemical properties of common fluorescent labels, focusing on traditional organic dyes and QDs. Our aim is to provide a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of both classes of chromophores, to facilitate label choice and to address future challenges in the rational design and manipulation of QD labels.

/pdf/quantum-dots-versus-organic-dyes-as-fluorescent-labels-50cbzj94q6.pdf

Quantum dots versus organic dyes as fluorescent labels

Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis

6. Rehybridization of the Acceptor (RICT) 3908 7. Planarization of the Molecule (PICT) 3909 III. Fluorescence Spectroscopy 3909 A. Solvent Effects and the Model Compounds 3909 1. Solvent Effects on the Spectra 3909 2. Steric Effects and Model Compounds 3911 3. Bandwidths 3913 4. Isoemissive Points 3914 B. Dipole Moments 3915 C. Radiative Rates and Transition Moments 3916 1. Quantum Yields and Radiationless Deactivation Processes 3916

Structural Changes Accompanying Intramolecular Electron Transfer: Focus on Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer States and Structures

The invention relates to the staining of poly(amino acids), including peptides, polypeptides and proteins in gels and on solid supports, using neutral or anionic complexes of transition metals.

Luminescent protein stains containing transition metal complexes

Energy transfer compositions comprising one or more fluorescent dyes and a fluorescent protein are described, in particular where the fluorescent dye is a sulfonated dye and the fluorescent protein is a phycobiliprotein. The energy transfer compositions of the invention may further comprise additional fluorescent dyes or fluorescent proteins that act as intermediate energy transfer dyes or ultimate emitter dyes. The energy transfer compositions of the invention may also be substituted by chemically reactive functional groups, or covalently bound conjugated substances. The compositions of the invention possess utility as detection reagents and as fluorescent tracers in a wide variety of applications, including biological applications.

Energy transfer compositions comprising phycobiliproteins

Two new fluorinated fluorescent dyes, 6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (Marina Blue) and 3-carboxy-6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxycoumarin (Pacific Blue), exhibit excellent photophysical properties among a series of novel fluorinated 7-hydroxycoumarins. Most of these fluorinated coumarins have quantum yields (0.63 to 0.89) equal to or higher than that of the parent compound (0.63), which, in combination with their lower pKaS and higher photostability, make them superior fluorescent dyes for use as reporter molecules in biological systems.

Synthesis of Novel Fluorinated Coumarins: Excellent UV-Light Excitable Fluorescent Dyes.

Crown ether chelators are provided of the formula [wherein P and Q are independently O, S, or NR 3 (where Râ is independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl); Y is O, S, or NR 4 ; L is independently a covalent bond or a link which comprises one or more atoms interconnected by covalent bonds; R X is independently a reactive functional group; each S C is independently a conjugated substance; DYE is a chemical moiety with an absorption maximum beyond 320 nm, eg a chromophoric or fluorescent derivative; E 1 , E 2 , and E 3 are independently -(CR 5 2 ) n -, or -(C(O)CH 2 ) n - (where n = 2-4, and R 5 is independently H or CH 3 , or two R 5 moieties on adjacent carbons of one or more of E 1 , Ee or E 3 , when taken in combination, form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic ring); and wherein the remaining subsituents are as defined in claim 1 and any two adjacent substituents R 7 -R 14 , taken in combination with each other, and with the aromatic ring they are bound to, may also form a fused DYE; provided that said compound is substituted by at least one -L-DYE, -L-R X , or -L-S C at R 1 , R 2 , R 4 or R 7 -R 14 ; or at least two of R 7 -R 14 , taken in combination, form a fused DYE]. S C may be an amino acid, a peptide, a protein, a polysaccharide, a nucleoside, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, a nucleic acid, a hapten, a psoralen, a drug, a hormone, a lipid, a lipid assembly, a synthetic polymer, a polymeric microparticle, a biological cell or a virus, and includes a biotin or a silica. Chelators that are substituted by fluorescent dyes are particularly useful as indicators for metal cations, particularly Na + and K + ions, and particularly where binding of the target ion results in a change in the fluorescence properties of the indicator that can be correlated with the ion concentration. Methods are provided for utilizing reactive groups on the chelators for conjugation to dyes, lipids and polymers and methods for enhancing entry of the indicators into living cells. The chelators can be used to detect and quantify metal ions. They can also discriminate between metal ions under physiological conditions. This selectivity can be tailored by selection of the crown ether substituents. They can also be useful as ionophores, to transport target ions across cell membranes.

Metal chelating crown ether derivatives with an attached dye, reactive group or conjugated substance

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fluorescent fine particles obtained through a simpler method than conventional complicated methods in which covalent bonding is used for combining multiple spectral characteristics of dyestuffs, by minimizing collisional deactivation, enabling to conduct effective energy transfer, and increasing an effective Stokes shift, so that a more useful fluorescence labeling reagent than ever is formed. SOLUTION: The fluorescent fine particles are obtained through the method comprising (a) a process for selecting a combination of the dyestuffs so that an initial donor dyestuff having a preferable excitation peak and a final acceptor dyestuff having a preferable emission peak are contained in the combination and the combination has enough spectral duplication for enabling each of the dyestuffs in the combination to conduct significant energy transfer of its excitation energy and (b) another process for mixing the combination of the dyestuffs into polymer fine particles in such a manner that the combined dyestuffs are not covalently bonded to each other. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Fluorescent fine particle having controllable enhanced stokes shift

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