Introduction: re-examining the roots of Anglo-American political thought Part I. The Divine Right Challenge to Natural Liberty: 1. The attack on the Catholic natural law 2. Calvinism and parliamentary resistance theory 3. The problem of Grotius and Hobbes Part II. The Whig Politics of Liberty in England: 4. James Tyrrell: the voice of moderate Whiggism 5. The Pufendorfian movement: moderate Whig sovereignty theory 6. Algernon Sidney and the old Republicanisms 7. A new Republican England 8. Natural rights in Locke's two treatises 9. Lockean liberal constitutionalism 10. The glorious revolution and the catonic response Part III. The Whig Legacy in America: 12. British constitutionalism and the challenge of empire 13. Thomas Jefferson and the radical theory of empire 14. Tom Paine and popular sovereignty 15. Revolutionary constitutionalism: laboratories of radical Whiggism Conclusions Notes Bibliography.

/pdf/the-politics-of-liberty-in-england-and-revolutionary-america-1bdy6xynn3.pdf

The Politics of Liberty in England and Revolutionary America

The American revolutionaries themselves believed the change from monarchy to republic was the essence of the Revolution. King and People in Provincial Massachusetts explores what monarchy meant to Massachusetts under its second charter and why the momentous change to republican government came about. Richard L. Bushman argues that monarchy entailed more than having a king as head of state: it was an elaborate political culture with implications for social organization as well. Massachusetts, moreover, was entirely loyal to the king and thoroughly imbued with that culture. Why then did the colonies become republican in 1776? The change cannot be attributed to a single thinker such as John Locke or to a strain of political thought such as English country party rhetoric. Instead, it was the result of tensions ingrained in the colonial political system that surfaced with the invasion of parliamentary power into colonial affairs after 1763. The underlying weakness of monarchical government in Massachusetts was the absence of monarchical society -- the intricate web of patronage and dependence that existed in England. But the conflict came from the colonists' conception of rulers as an alien class of exploiters whose interest was the plundering of the colonies. In large part, colonial politics was the effort to restrain official avarice. The author explicates the meaning of \"interest\" in political discourse to show how that conception was central in the thinking of both the popular party and the British ministry. Management of the interest of royal officials was a problem that continually bedeviled both the colonists and the crown. Conflict was perennial because the colonists and the ministry pursued diverging objectives in regulating colonial officialdom. Ultimately the colonists came to see that safety against exploitation by self-interested rulers would be assured only by republican government.

King and People in Provincial Massachusetts

The publication of James Tyrrell's Patriarcha, Non Monarcha in 1681 was the first major Whig shot fired in the polemical dispute raised by the issue of Exclusion. It was at once a piece d'occasion devoted to advancing the Whig position in the Exclusion crisis and a major work of political philosophy dealing with such issues as the nature of political society, the origin of property, the principle of consent, and the main features of late-seventeenth-century natural jurisprudence. One commentator has observed that Patriarcha, Non Monarcha is “perhaps the most interesting work of political theory published in England between 1660 and 1689.” At its core, this work is the classic moderate Whig defense of limited government against what Tyrrell calls Filmer's “Absolute Monarchy Jure Divino .” In contrast, Tyrrell presents himself as a defender of the rule of law and rejects all of Filmer's attempts to deny the validity of the legal limits on monarchical power that require rulers to abstain from the “Lives, Liberties or Properties of their Subjects.” Tyrrell's moderate political credentials were impeccable. He was born in 1642 at the outbreak of England's turbulent civil war period. As the son of a prominent Buckinghamshire gentleman in royal service, Sir Timothy Tyrrell, and grandson on his maternal side of the celebrated champion of the divine right of kings, Archbishop Ussher of Armagh, James Tyrrell's familial political legacy was decidedly Cavalier.

The Politics of Liberty in England and Revolutionary America: James Tyrrell: The Voice of Moderate Whiggism

The American Revolution: a Constitutional Interpretation

In the second research period of the Advanced Grant ReConFort (2016–17), precedence of constitution was the central interest for understanding historical constitutional discourses; these discussions have been further enriched by research into the Polish case study of 1815, which is also addressed in this volume. On the functional level as tertium comparationis , precedence of constitution guarantees the normativity of the modern constitutional concept, comprising the conceptual differentiation from ordinary law, the aggravated alterability (sometimes even up to an ‘eternal’ restriction on the constituent power) and the hierarchically supreme justiciability as legal tests for subordinate laws. Arising out of the American and French Revolution, the new normativity of the ‘constitution’, now connoted as a legal text, fixed the whole political order into one legal order. This claimed to be ‘the basis and foundation of government’, as the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 starts, or ‘Le but de toute institution politique’, in the wording of the preamble of the French 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. However, irrespective of the superficial linguistic commonalities, the revolutionary American and French discourses on constitutional precedence differ significantly, and met widely varying challenges. Nevertheless, both discourses provided the basic framework for European constitutional developments of decisive normativity in the late eighteenth and nineteenth century. Therefore, they act as cornerstones for comparative research on this key category, reconsidering constitutional formation between old liberties and new precedence. These foundations have guided not only the Principal Investigator’s following essay, but also the papers of the ReConFort postdocs and the contributions of the speakers at the international Brussels conference, on 14 March 2016, which are combined in this volume.

/pdf/a-new-order-of-the-ages-normativity-and-precedence-38bsqv6tc2.pdf

A New Order of the Ages. Normativity and Precedence

This article argues that we can best understand the Massachusetts patriot James Otis as a practical political thinker whose writings reacted to changing circumstances and to other writers. He began his career arguing that the British Constitution and natural law both mandated that Parliament not tax unrepresented colonists, but when Blackstone published his opinion that Parliament had a natural and constitutional right to compel the submission of the colonists, Otis became convinced that, however valid his argument had been in theory, it would never convince Parliamentarians. Ultimately he engaged the problem of imperial structure, trying to collapse the political distance between the imperial periphery and the imperial center to overcome the constitutional distance that threatened to separate them for good.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S003467050002893X

The Constitutional Sanity of James Otis: Resistance Leader and Loyal Subject

We introduce categories of extended Gaussian maps and Gaussian relations which unify Gaussian probability distributions with relational nondeterminism in the form of linear relations. Both have crucial and well-understood applications in statistics, engineering, and control theory, but combining them in a single formalism is challenging. It enables us to rigorously describe a variety of phenomena like noisy physical laws, Willems' theory of open systems and uninformative priors in Bayesian statistics. The core idea is to formally admit vector subspaces $D \subseteq X$ as generalized uniform probability distribution. Our formalism represents a first bridge between the literature on categorical systems theory (signal-flow diagrams, linear relations, hypergraph categories) and notions of probability theory.

https://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2204.14024v2.pdf

A Category for unifying Gaussian Probability and Nondeterminism

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Richard A. Samuelson

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

The Constitutional Sanity of James Otis: Resistance Leader and Loyal Subject

A Category for unifying Gaussian Probability and Nondeterminism