Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the U.S. marine environment: a review.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of synthetic halogenated organic compounds used in commercial and household products, such as textiles, furniture, and electronics, to increase their flame ignition resistance and to meet fire safety standards. The demonstrated persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxic potential of these compounds in animals and in humans are of increasing concern. The oceans are considered global sinks for PBDEs, as higher levels are found in marine organisms than in terrestrial biota. For the past three decades, North America has dominated the world market demand for PBDEs, consuming 95% of the penta-BDE formulation. Accordingly, the PBDE concentrations in marine biota and people from North America are the highest in the world and are increasing. Despite recent restrictions on penta- and octa-BDE commercial formulations, penta-BDE containing products will remain a reservoir for PBDE release for years to come, and the deca-BDE formulation is still in high-volume use. In this paper, we review all available data on the occurrence and trends of PBDEs in the marine ecosystems (air, water, sediments, invertebrates, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals) of North and South America. We outline here our concerns about the potential future impacts of large existing stores of banned PBDEs in consumer products, and the vast and growing reservoirs of deca-BDE as well as new and naturally occurring brominated compounds on marine ecosystems.

/pdf/polybrominated-diphenyl-ethers-in-marine-ecosystems-of-the-1yogaavkaj.pdf

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine ecosystems of the American continents: foresight from current knowledge.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk from the Pacific Northwest

Sublethal and reproductive effects of methylmercury in freshwater fish have been observed at environmentally relevant exposure levels in a number of recent field and laboratory studies. The consequences of methylmercury exposure may be more severe for wild fish than for fish in laboratory tests in which fish are provided ample food. WA Paul Drevnick et al. proposed that methylmercury induces apoptosis in steroidogenic cells in the gonads of fish. They observed an increase in the number of apoptotic follicular cells in the gonads of female fathead minnows that had impaired reproduction due to chronic methylmercury exposure. Laboratory and field studies have shown that methylmercury exposure causes oxidative stress in fish tissues through the formation of radical oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Species differences in sensitivity to methylmercury exposure in fishes have not been assessed, but may be considerable given the variation in avian sensitivity reported by Germany Gary H. Heinz et al.

Methylmercury in Freshwater Fish : Recent Advances in Assessing Toxicity of Environmentally Relevant Exposures

This is a draft work in progress subject to review and revision as information becomes available. This is a draft work in progress subject to review and revision as information becomes available.

https://nctc.fws.gov/resources/course-resources/pesticides/Aquatic%20Effects/pyrethroids_white_paper_final.pdf

Pyrethroid Insecticides: An Analysis of Use Patterns, Distributions, Potential Toxicity and Fate in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Central Valley

PBDEs in the San Francisco Bayarea : Measurements in fish

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Renée Sharp

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

PBDEs in the San Francisco Bayarea : Measurements in fish