Recent Work on Moral Responsibility

The debate over corporate objectives and how companies deal with amplified existing societal inequalities and vulnerabilities has received increasing attention in recent years, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic encouraged companies and policy makers to consider ways to develop a more enabling institutional environment, not only to tackle the ongoing crisis but also to prepare for similar future tests. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the significance and effectiveness of ex ante corporate social responsibility (CSR) law approaches in tackling the challenges brought by the pandemic. We investigate the uniqueness of the sustainable development challenges in the era of the pandemic, and introduce “corporate social competence” as a compliance principle in response to the need for forward-looking approaches to risk management and strategic planning. We use two ex ante legislative approaches in company law, namely mandatory CSR policy and legally recognised inclusive business models, as examples to illuminate the contribution of company law to navigate the pandemic beyond philanthropic CSR actions.

Reimagining Corporate Social Responsibility in the Era of COVID-19: Embedding Resilience and Promoting Corporate Social Competence

The Philosophy of Humanism

This case is about the Gulf of Mexico oil spill and the continuing safety problems at BP, one of the largest oil and gas producers in the world. The British oil giant with a history of repeated safety violations was held responsible for the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The spill was caused by an explosion aboard an offshore drilling rig leased by BP. Eleven workers were feared dead and fifteen injured in the explosion. After the explosion, the rig sank 5,000 feet to the ocean floor and since then at least 210,000 gallons of oil a day had been leaking into the Gulf. The case describes in detail the consequences of the oil spill, considered to be the worst ever environmental catastrophe in US history caused by an industrial disaster. According to experts, the oil spill would adversely impact the environment as well as human and marine life in the Gulf region. The case highlights the ethical issues involved in the disaster and examines BP’s response to it. Though the company accepted responsibility for the explosion and was making efforts to manage the oil spill, it remained largely unsuccessful in plugging the leak. As efforts to contain the spil l continued, critics alleged that BP had put profits before safety and developed an “unhealthy corporate culture” where costcutting was given more priority than the safety of the workers.

Business Ethics and Corporate Governance

While Malaysia has a great potential to be an education hub that attracts many international students to pursue their educational dreams in the country, a few empirical studies examined the total experiences of international students’ satisfaction in the public and private higher education institutions. The aim of this study is to measure the international students’ total experience in the Malaysian higher education sector. A theoretical research model is proposed with three identical stages including pre, during and post stages. Specifically, this study proposes that the international student’s total experience model includes university image, students’ expectation, past students experience, information sources and service quality (first stage), and the second stage includes the level of satisfaction and students’ perceived performance. The third stage, post stage, is the last stage includes international student’s continuance intention of further study. A total of 535 questionnaires were collected from international students in Malaysia in order to empirically test the theoretical model using variance based structural equation modeling for the evaluation of measurement and structural model. Statistical results imply that the model explains 65.5% of variances in international student’s continuance intention of further study. Moreover, empirical study illustrates the total experience of international students in public and private universities impacts the individual-perceived value and service quality. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Marketing public and private higher education institutions: A total experiential model of international student’s satisfaction, performance and continues intention

As part of their business practices, the Indian government has made it mandatory for companies who have a turnover of 500 crores and above to spend 2 per cent of their net profits from the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article proposes to examine the issue of whether this enforced philanthropic responsibility of companies is helpful to both society and the organization. With the philanthropic approach it is not necessary for the organization to fulfill its responsibilities toward those who work in and for the organization, its customers and to the ecological system in general. Achieving both organizational growth and social development requires a shift from a philanthropic approach to a humanistic approach on the part of companies and the government, accommodating all its stakeholders.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/APCE_APCE12146.pdf?abstractid=2901717&mirid=1

Need for a shift from a philanthropic to a humanistic approach to corporate social responsibility

Most engineering colleges in India have integrated ethics courses into their curriculum for the reason that students may develop an ethical ability to engage in sound decision making. However, there are differences noticed in defining the concept of “ethics” by the engineering students and the teachers who teach them ethics. Often, it is observed that students’ positions with regard to ethics courses are egoistic pragmatism while the teachers follow idealistic pragmatism. This ideological difference makes teaching ethics to engineering students a difficult task and thus undermines the effectiveness of the ethics course. The major objective of this chapter therefore is to examine the extent to which the “gap” can be merged and make the students more ethically responsible. It also helps to achieve more job satisfaction for teachers. Finally, the chapter discusses some suggestions to make engineering students more ethically sensible.

Teaching Ethics to Engineering Students in India: Issues and Challenges

It is proposed to examine whether the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act can achieve its major objective of ensuring education for all children in India. Indian parents like to enter their wards into private schools because they believe that the standard of education in the public schools is poor. The act strengthens this belief and it is insufficient to promote a public schooling system which is easily affordable for poorer children. The beneficiary of the act will be the lower middle-class people, not the poorer. The act is implemented without considering the basic issues in Indian society, such as poverty. The poorer children cannot attend schooling, because they want to help their parents to earn their daily livelihood. Thus, before guaranteeing the quality of education, primarily the authorities should ensure that all children go to school.

Is the right of children to free and compulsory education act really beneficial to the poorer children in India? An analysis with special reference to the admission of poorer children in public unaided schools

Metacognitive skills inventory (MSI): development and validation

In 2016, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India issued the Prohibition of Discriminatory Tariffs for Data Services Regulations. It favours the principle of internet neutrality. This principle suggests that all data on the internet should be treated equally without discrimination by user, content, site, etc. The objective of this paper is to justify the idea that internet neutrality cannot ensure equality in the ethical sense. Net neutrality can only maintain technological equality. The author proposes the argument that technological equality is not the same as ethical equality. Treating all content, which is not homogenous, equally leads to unethical activities. It hampers an individual’s relationship with his or her society and, thereby, blocks the foundation for social justice. Accordingly, the neutrality principle ignores the idea of social justice and fails to protect human rights. Hence, it cannot be ethically justifiable in its present form.

Internet Neutrality: A Battle Between Law and Ethics

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