Composite materials/structures are advancing in product efficiency, cost-effectiveness and the development of superior specific properties. There are increasing demands in their applications to loa...

/pdf/non-destructive-testing-and-evaluation-of-composite-25jy7cttmq.pdf

Non-destructive testing and evaluation of composite materials/structures: A state-of-the-art review

Composite materials/structures are advancing in product efficiency, cost-effectiveness and the development of superior specific properties. There are increasing demands in their applications to load-carrying structures in aerospace, wind turbines, transportation, and medical equipment, etc. Thus robust and reliable non-destructive testing (NDT) of composites is essential to reduce safety concerns and maintenance costs. There have been various NDT methods built upon different principles for quality assurance during the whole lifecycle of a composite product. This paper reviews the most established NDT techniques for detection and evaluation of defects/damage evolution in composites. These include acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, infrared thermography, terahertz testing, shearography, digital image correlation, as well as X-ray and neutron imaging. For each NDT technique, we cover a brief historical background, principles, standard practices, equipment and facilities used for composite research. We also compare and discuss their benefits and limitations, and further summarise their capabilities and applications to composite structures. Each NDT technique has its own potential and rarely achieves a full-scale diagnosis of structural integrity. Future development of NDT techniques for composites will be directed towards intelligent and automated inspection systems with high accuracy and efficient data processing capabilities.

Synchrotron light sources based on Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) show promise to deliver X-ray beams with both brilliance and X-ray pulse duration far superior to the values that can be achieved with storage ring technology. Cornell University, in collaboration with Jefferson Laboratory, has proposed the construction of a prototype ERL. This 100MeV, 100mA CW superconducting electron accelerator will be used to study and resolve the many accelerator physics and technology issues of this type of machine. These studies are essential before ERLs can be confidently proposed for large-scale applications such as synchrotron light sources. Key issues include the generation of high average current, high brightness electron beams; acceleration and transport of these beams while preserving their brightness; adequate damping of higher order modes (HOMs) to assure beam stability; removal of large amounts of HOM power from the cryogenic environment; stable RF control of cavities operating at very high external Q; reduction of beam losses to very low levels; and the development of precision non-intercepting diagnostics to allow beam setup, control and characterization. Our prototype design allows us to address these and other issues over a broad range of parameter space. This design, along with recent progress on understanding these issues, will be presented.

/pdf/the-cornell-erl-prototype-project-5cyhfzjdbs.pdf

The Cornell ERL prototype project

Design of the buncher cavity for Cornell/JLab ERL project is presented. This is a reentrant spherical copper cavity at a frequency of 1300 MHz. It will be installed between a 500 keV electron gun and superconducting accelerating sections in the injector part of ERL. The cavity has Q of 20,000 and a shunt impedance of 2.1 MOhm. For a design cavity voltage of 200 kV, power dissipated in cavity is as much as 9.6 kW. The cavity has a coaxial loop coupler and will be driven by a 17.5 kW klystron. The estimates of cavity influence on beam dynamics are also discussed.

/pdf/buncher-cavity-for-erl-4853vt0g9x.pdf

Buncher cavity for ERL

Existing Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) are successfully operated as kW-class average power infrared Free Electron Lasers (FELs) Various groups worldwide actively pursue ERLs as a technology of choice for a number of new applications These include high brilliance light sources in a wide range of photon energies utilizing both spontaneous and FEL radiation production techniques, electron cooling of ion beams, and ERL-based electron-ion collider All of these projects seek in various ways to extend performance parameters possible in ERLs beyond what has been achieved in existing relatively small scale demonstration facilities The demand is for much higher average currents, significantly larger recirculated beam energies and powers and substantially improved electron sources An overview of the ongoing ERL projects will be presented along with the summary of the progress that is being made in addressing the outstanding issues in this type of accelerators

/pdf/overview-of-energy-recovery-linacs-5csiop5lw6.pdf

Overview of Energy Recovery Linacs

Synchrotron radiation (SR) has become an essential and rapidly growing tool across the sciences and engineering. World-wide, about 70 SR sources are in various stages of operation, construction, or planning, representing a cumulative investment on many billions of dollars and serving a growing research community well in excess of 10,000 scientists. To date, all major SR x-ray facilities are based on electron (or positron) storage rings. Given the expected continued growth, importance and expense of SR sources, it is important to ask if there are alternatives to the storage ring SR source which offer advantages of capability or cost. A step in this direction is being taken by the SR community with the proposed developments of linac-based x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) utilizing the self-amplified spontaneous emission process (SASE). However, the versatility of modern developments in accelerator physics, as applied to synchrotron radiation, is not limited to storage rings or XFELs. New developments in laser driven photoinjectors and superconducting linac technology open new and exciting possibilities for novel SR-generating machines which offer extraordinary capabilities and promise to catalyze whole new areas of SR-based science.

/pdf/study-for-a-proposed-phase-i-energy-recovery-linac-erl-3f3hk7bh7p.pdf

Study for a proposed Phase I Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) Synchrotron Light Source at Cornell University

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Study for a proposed Phase I Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) Synchrotron Light Source at Cornell University