LBNL-56170 E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Option Value of Electricity Demand Response Osman Sezgen, Charles Goldman, P. Krishnarao Environmental Energy Technologies Division October 2005 (Submitted to Energy Journal: November 2, 2003) The work described in this study was coordinated by the Consortium for Electricity Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) and funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Option Value of Electricity Demand Response

The effect of distributed electricity generation using natural gas on the electric and natural gas grids

The effects of event occurrence and duration on resilience and adaptation in energy systems

Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production requires a vast quantity of freshwater while generating substantial volumes of wastewater. Although numerous studies have focused on technology development, other aspects beyond treatment technology, including regulations, economics, system logistics, and public perception, play equally or more important roles collectively in the selection and deployment of UOG wastewater management practices. In this article, we begin with a critical analysis of the motivations that drive UOG wastewater management towards treatment and reuse. Then we examine four main barriers against such a paradigm shift, pertaining to treatment technology, regulatory compliance, economic feasibility, and social acceptance. Despite the need of further improving technology efficiency for UOG wastewater treatment, the lack of established regulatory framework, the uncertainties of economic viability, as well as public resistance, hinder practical implementation of treatment technologies. We highlight the importance of knowledge and collaborative efforts from engineers, regulators, policy makers, economists, and social scientists to address those barriers, and emphasize that future research efforts should be directed at domains well beyond treatment technology. A systems approach and broader collaboration across multiple disciplines is needed to translate technology innovation into solutions that truly improve water sustainability in the context of rising UOG production. 

Beyond treatment technology: Understanding motivations and barriers for wastewater treatment and reuse in unconventional energy production

Face a l'urgence dans la lutte contre le rechauffement climatique, la transition energetique bas carbone est une transition societale constituant un veritable defi du fait de ses singularites. Les conditions de sa realisation resident dans un pilotage politique multi-niveaux afin d'agir des a present sur les differents leviers d'action possibles. En effet les Etats interviennent d'une part lors des negociations internationales afin de parvenir a un accord universel sur le climat, et d'autre part dans la legislation de leur cadre reglementaire national. Les collectivites locales interviennent egalement du fait de leurs competences leur conferant un pouvoir d'influence consequent sur les modes de production decentralises et sur la consommation d'energie. L'echelle locale joue un role de premier ordre car elle beneficie des liens de proximites et de confiance qui favorisent l'action collective et constitue un veritable effet de levier. C'est au niveau des territoires que les projets de la transition energetique emergent et que la lutte contre le rechauffement climatique se concretise. C'est pourquoi il est necessaire de comprendre quels types de projets locaux pour la transition energetique emergent, et quelle est leur performance tant d'un point de vue economique, que social et environnemental. Cela permettra d'une part aux pouvoirs publics d'identifier les types de projets performants pour impulser leur developpement, et d'autre part quels sont les freins a lever le cas echeant pour faire emerger des projets innovants. Sur le long-terme, il s'agit de comprendre quels types de projets se deploieront et se generaliseront dans le cadre de la transition energetique en fonction du type de valeur qu'ils parviendront a generer. Pour repondre a cela, l'approche des business models est pertinente : elle constitue en effet une grille d'analyse permettant de determiner les caracteristiques de chaque projet, en decrivant sa proposition de valeur et la configuration de cette valeur, et de determiner sa viabilite et sa durabilite en fonction de la creation (ou destruction) de valeurs (economique, financiere, sociale, environnementale) qu'il genere. La these propose ainsi une typologie des business models de la transition energetique a l'echelle locale, une grille d'analyse de projet adaptee a l'enjeu societal que represente la transition energetique et propose enfin des recommandations pour la politique publique en matiere d'evaluation de la performance economique, sociale et environnementale de projets locaux de transition energetique.

Les Modèles Economiques dans la Transition Energétique bas carbone à l'Echelle Locale

Evaluation of Existing Customer-owned, On-site Distributed Generation Business Models

An Evaluation of Customer-Optimized Distributed Generation in New England Utility and Real-Time Markets

The process of hydraulic fracturing for recovery of oil and natural gas uses large amounts of fresh water and produces a comparable amount of wastewater, much of which is typically transported by truck. Truck transport of water is an expensive and energy-intensive process with significant external costs including roads damages, and pollution. The integrated development plan (IDP) is the industry nomenclature for an integrated oil and gas infrastructure system incorporating pipeline-based transport of water and wastewater, centralized water treatment, and high rates of wastewater recycling. These IDP have been proposed as an alternative to truck transport systems so as to mitigate many of the economic and environmental problems associated with natural gas production, but the economic and environmental performance of these systems have not been analyzed to date. This study presents a quantification of lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and road damages of a generic oil and gas field, and of an oil and gas development sited in the Denver-Julesburg basin in the northern Colorado region of the US. Results demonstrate that a reduction in economic and environmental externalities can be derived from the development of these IDP-based pipeline water transportation systems. IDPs have marginal utility in reducing GHG emissions and road damage when they are used to replace in-field water transport, but can reduce GHG emissions and road damage by factors of as much as 6 and 7 respectively, when used to replace fresh water transport and waste-disposal routes for exemplar Northern Colorado oil and gas fields.

/pdf/a-road-damage-and-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-comparison-of-2y26apoqxu.pdf

A road damage and life-cycle greenhouse gas comparison of trucking and pipeline water delivery systems for hydraulically fractured oil and gas field development in Colorado.

This article presents an economic model for customer-owned and operated distributed generation facilities operated according to net metered, real-time pricing (RTP). Previous research has demonstrated that within traditional billing and rate structures customer-optimized distributed generation facilities create quantifiable losses for distribution and generation and transmission utilities. Using historical real-time pricing data available on the New England ISO website, a customer-optimized dispatch of distributed generation is constructed so that total consumer costs are minimized. The relative difference of consumer behavior is compared between RTPs with hour-long and a five minute long periods. The results are presented across a range of DG prices, and the utilization and value of the DG resource in this case study is also quantified.Copyright © 2014 by ASME

Evaluation of Increased Discretization of Real-Time Locational Marginal Prices on Customer-Optimized Distributed Generation

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Evaluation of Existing Customer-owned, On-site Distributed Generation Business Models

An Evaluation of Customer-Optimized Distributed Generation in New England Utility and Real-Time Markets

A road damage and life-cycle greenhouse gas comparison of trucking and pipeline water delivery systems for hydraulically fractured oil and gas field development in Colorado.

Evaluation of Increased Discretization of Real-Time Locational Marginal Prices on Customer-Optimized Distributed Generation