During the resorbable-polymer-boom of the 1970s and 1980s, polycaprolactone (PCL) was used in the biomaterials field and a number of drug-delivery devices. Its popularity was soon superseded by faster resorbable polymers which had fewer perceived disadvantages associated with long term degradation (up to 3-4 years) and intracellular resorption pathways; consequently, PCL was almost forgotten for most of two decades. Recently, a resurgence of interest has propelled PCL back into the biomaterials-arena. The superior rheological and viscoelastic properties over many of its aliphatic polyester counterparts renders PCL easy to manufacture and manipulate into a large range of implants and devices. Coupled with relatively inexpensive production routes and FDA approval, this provides a promising platform for the production of longer-term degradable implants which may be manipulated physically, chemically and biologically to possess tailorable degradation kinetics to suit a specific anatomical site. This review will discuss the application of PCL as a biomaterial over the last two decades focusing on the advantages which have propagated its return into the spotlight with a particular focus on medical devices, drug delivery and tissue engineering.

The return of a forgotten polymer : Polycaprolactone in the 21st century

In the 2015 review paper 'Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide' a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of >200 TW was presented. This was largely based on facility specifications, with some description of their uses, for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions, secondary source generation, and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification (CPA), which made these lasers possible, we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed. We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online, with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction. In addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multidisciplinary applications, which demands much higher repetition rates, delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths: mid-IR facilities. So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status, we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes, and some of the critical issues facing their development.

/pdf/petawatt-and-exawatt-class-lasers-worldwide-10zgtun6jp.pdf

Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide

Biocompatibility of hydrogel-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

This review summarizes the state of the art of plasma diagnostics on atmospheric pressure plasmas formed at characteristic length scales of approximately 1 mm or smaller and identifies challenges and prospects Both plasmas generated in confined geometries, so-called microplasmas, as well as discharge filaments occurring in commonly filamentary plasmas, eg microdischarges in dielectric barrier discharges are covered In spite of the differences between microplasmas which often obtain a quasi steady-state and single microdischarges or filaments which are self-limited in space and time and thus intrinsically transient, both face very similar diagnostic challenges of which two are immediately apparent: the high collisionality which requires adaptations of standard plasmas diagnostics often developed for low-pressure plasmas, and the requirements on high spatial resolution due to the strong gradients in plasma properties The complexity of the plasma generation and the physical and chemical properties of the above-mentioned plasmas requires the knowledge of an extensive series of different parameters to obtain a full characterization As the results of the diagnostics are not always unambiguous and require a detailed understanding of plasma physics and chemistry, a summary of the main properties and pecularities of high-pressure plasmas is included in this review

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/46/46/464001/pdf

Atmospheric pressure discharge filaments and microplasmas: Physics, chemistry and diagnostics

Electrospinning is an exceptional technology to fabricate sub-micrometric fiber scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications and to mimic the morphology and the chemistry of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Although most synthetic and natural polymers can be electrospun, gelatin frequently represents a material of choice due to the presence of cell-interactive motifs, its wide availability, low cost, easy processability, and biodegradability. However, cross-linking is required to stabilize the structure of the electrospun matrices and avoid gelatin dissolution at body temperature. Different physical and chemical cross-linking protocols have been described to improve electrospun gelatin stability and to preserve the morphological fibrous arrangement of the electrospun gelatin scaffolds. Here, we review the main current strategies. For each method, the cross-linking mechanism and its efficiency, the influence of electrospinning parameters, and the resulting fiber morphology are considered. The main drawbacks as well as the open challenges are also discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/15/2476/pdf

Cross-Linking Strategies for Electrospun Gelatin Scaffolds

In this chapter, some of the basic diagnostic techniques that are useful for studying various types of plasmas are described. These include electrical measurements (discharge current and voltage across the plasma), spectroscopic measurements, the Langmuir (electric) probe, X-ray and neutron measurements.

Plasma Diagnostic Techniques

Improvement of early cell adhesion on Thai silk fibroin surface by low energy plasma.

The effects of pulsed inductively coupled plasma (PICP) on physical properties and biocompatibility of crosslinked gelatin films.

In this work, an oxygen glow discharge using AC 50 Hz is used for the treatment of type A gelatin film crosslinked by dehydrothermal (DHT) process. The effects of plasma on the properties of gelatin films are investigated. The operating discharge power, pressure and gas flow rate are varied in the range of 3–12 W, 0.4–2 mbar and 3–10 sccm, respectively. The effects of ageing time and temperature on the surface properties of plasma-treated gelatin are also investigated. The results show that the water contact angle of crosslinked gelatin treated by oxygen plasma is lower than that of untreated crosslinked gelatin film. This implies that the oxygen plasma is able to introduce hydrophilic groups onto the surface of the crosslinked gelatin. The efficiency of the surface treatment is increased by increasing the discharge power, increasing the pressure and decreasing the oxygen gas flow rate. The results on atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveal that the surface roughness of the plasma-treated gelatin film is enhanced by increasing the treatment period. The results on ageing tests indicate that at low ageing temperature, the surface properties of plasma-treated gelatin films can be maintained for a longer period as compared to those stored at higher temperature. The change in hydrophilicity during the ageing process is mainly due to the recovery of surface chemistry, not surface roughness. It may be concluded that the AC 50 Hz plasma system can be used effectively to manipulate the surface properties of crosslinked gelatin films.

Surface modification of dehydrothermal crosslinked gelatin film using a 50 Hz oxygen glow discharge

Elements of Plasma Technology

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Rattachat Mongkolnavin

Author Tools

Chat about Author