Abstract Physical inactivity has been viewed as an emerging public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, function, or both. Its prevalence increases with changing lifestyles including physical inactivity across the globe. However, there is limited research, and not yet received attention in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of physical inactivity among adult diabetic patients in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 308 participants from February to June 2018 at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. Participants were selected through a systematic random sampling technique. Physical inactivity was assessed by the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Collected data were entered in Epi info version 7 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A summary of descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were computed to identify associated factors of physical inactivity among adult diabetic patients. P &lt; 0.05 with 95% CI was considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of physical inactivity among diabetic patients was 30.5% ( 95% CI: 22.8–33.5%). Gender (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.62), Old age (AOR = 18.17, 95% CI: 22.7, 61.9) Residence (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1,12,16.028), Low self-efficacy (AOR = 20.59, 95% CI: 10.598, 41.608), Poor attitude (AOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.44,5.28), and Lack of social support (AOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.28,4.07) were found significantly predictor factors of physical inactivity. The prevalence of physical inactivity in this study was high. Being female, old age, dwelling in an urban, having low efficacy, poor attitude, and lack of social support was greater risk factors for being physically inactive. Diabetic education should focus on engagement in physical activity by overcoming barriers to performing physical activity. Government and health professionals should emphasize that evidence-based physical activity important to change their attitudes and require reaching a consensus on social support by their families. 

/pdf/prevalence-and-associated-factors-of-physical-inactivity-3b7r5v31.pdf

Prevalence and associated factors of physical inactivity among adult diabetes mellitus patients in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Background: Nowadays technology development has remarkable and undeniable effects on caring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of telenursing (cellphone software) on metabolic control of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: It was a clinical trial with IRCT201009114728N1 Registration Code. In the spring of 2011 from patients of Valiasr hospital department of endocrinology 60 patients were chosen and randomly allocated in two groups. The Demographic questionnaire was completed by them. Blood sample for A1c hemoglobin was taken from patients. In the intervention group cellphone software was installed on the personal mobile of participants. The data was analyzed by t-test and SPSS 21. Results: The pre and post A1c hemoglobin was -0.58±0.77 and -0.19±0.51 respectively and this difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The result indicated that telenursing by using cellphone software can have positive effect on metabolic control of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This technology can persuade patients and health team members to follow up caring of these patients more effectively.

The Effect of Telenursing (Cellphone software) on A1c hemoglobin in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

To investigate cross‐sectional association between sedentary activities and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activities’ (MVPA) patterns, and the likelihood of having diabetes, MetS, or both conditions. This cross‐sectional analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003‐2004 and 2005‐2006 cycles included 2456 adults. The primary exposure variables were sedentary and MVPA patterns (1‐, 5‐, 10‐, 30‐, and 60‐minute bouts) measured by accelerometer. The primary outcome measure was the subgroup categorization: healthy group, MetS group, diabetes group, and Mets & diabetes group. No differences were observed regarding proportion of sedentary patterns among groups, but differences were observed for the proportion of time spent doing MVPA in 5‐, 10‐, and 30‐minute bouts among groups (all P < .05). When comparing individuals having both MetS & diabetes to the MetS group and the diabetes group, all bout lengths of sedentary behavior were significantly different (P < .05). The patterns of sedentary behavior were not associated with higher odds of being classified with Mets & diabetes when adjusted for total MVPA time (all P > .05). Interestingly, the odds of being in the healthy group were associated with MVPA patterns following adjustment for total sedentary time. The findings suggest it is more important to focus on exercise performed at moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity, of any bout length, compared to sitting less to lower the odds of MetS and diabetes.

Are physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns contributing to diabetes and metabolic syndrome simultaneously

Introduction: Non-adherence to medical regimen has remained a challenge to the medical profession as well as to social sciences. To achieve positive results, the factors negatively impacting patient adherence to medical regimens (i.e., diet, drug and exercise regimen) must be scrutinized in detail. The objective of this research was to explore the relationship between cognitive appraisal and adherence to medical regimens in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this correlational study, 218 type 2 diabetes patients receiving treatment at the Diabetes Clinic affiliated with Gonabad University of Medical Sciences were selected through non-probability (convenience) sampling from April 2012 to May 2013. Two valid and reliable questionnaires of cognitive appraisal and adherence to medical regimens were completed by each patient. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver 13. Results: A relationship was observed between perceived cognitive and adherence to some aspects of medical regimen. Also direct relationship was observedbetween perceived cognitive in form challenge and adherence of diet in patients with diabetes. There was no statistically significant relationship between aspects of cognitive appraisal and adherence to the drug regimen.Conclusion: The results suggest that interventions undertaken to improve adherence to medical regimen, particularly to drug regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes, should be focused on enriching cognitive appraisal. Nurses need to help patients perceive diabetes as less of a threat and in fact should empower them, so as to look upon it as more of a challenge.

https://jcs.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/JCS_71_20141130075439

The Relationship between Cognitive Appraisal and Adherence to Medical Regimens in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Considering the well-established benefits of physical activity in the health domain, the economy, and environment, physical activity programs should be considered as an important agenda in public health policymaking. Objectives: The objective of this qualitative study was to identify “Why the prevalence of physical inactivity has increased during the past decade in Iran, despite having various national physical activity documents? \"using a Delphi technique. Methods: The “Delphi technique” process in this study consisted of literature review, selecting the research question, selection and recruitment of panel members, pilot study and conduction of round one (using an open question), round 2 (using a 5-point Likert scale), and round three (final ranking). Results: Statements with the highest scores in round three were recognized as the most important causes of the decreased level of physical activity based on the experts’ responses in Iran. Conclusions: The absence of executive support, coordination mechanisms, and appropriate infrastructure for conducting physical activity were the top challenges in improving the physical activity level in Iran.

Why Physical Inactivity Level Has Increased in the Iranian Population During the Past Decade? A Delphi Technique

Background: Physical activity has shown to prevent type diabetes 2. However, the type, intensity and amount of effective physical activity as well as individuals' needs according to level of their risk for type 2 diabetes have not been clarified comprehensively. This study investigated a relation between moderate aerobic physical activity ≥150 minuets/week with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes among obese and non-obese residents of south of Tehran, Iran. Methods: This study, which was a part of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors Survey in Tehran population Lab region, was designed and conducted based on MONICA/WHO project. Totally, 1552 adult inhabitants of 17th district of Tehran were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity was assessed by MONICA Optional Study of Physical Activity questionnaire. Diabetes was defined as a history of a prior diagnosis of diabetes or fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dl. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS 17 software for Windows Results: In a multivariate model, moderate aerobic physical activity ≥150 minuets/week was significantly associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in all and non-obese subjects [OR= 0.56; 95%CI: 0.35-0.91 and OR= 0.50; 95%CI: 0.26-0.94, respectively]. There was no significant relation between the physical activity and type 2 diabetes risk in obese subjects [OR=0.64; 95%CI: 0.30-1.39]. Conclusion: Moderate aerobic physical activity ≥150 minuets/week was significantly associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in non-obese people and could be an acceptable exercise goal for these individuals. However, obese people should be investigated more to produce a tailored exercise guideline to this population at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

/pdf/association-of-physical-activity-with-risk-of-type-2-19ba60ms8d.pdf

Association of Physical Activity with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

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Association of Physical Activity with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes