Nanoscale materials have recently gained wide attention due to their potential to revolutionize many technologies and industrial sectors, including information technology, homeland security, transportation, energy, food safety, environmental science, catalysis, photonics and medicine. Among various nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are widely used for biomedical applications, including imaging, implants, photothermal therapy and drug delivery. Indeed, PtNPs possesses intrinsic antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Also, due to their remarkable catalytic activity, they are able to reduce the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and impair the downstream pathways leading to inflammation. Various approaches, including both physical and chemical methods, are currently employed for synthesis of PtNPs. However, the use of hazardous reaction conditions and toxic chemicals in these processes poses a potential threat to the environment and severely compromise the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Hereby, increasing need for exploitation of novel routes for synthesis of PtNPs has led to development of biological fabrication using microbes, specifically bacteria. Herein, we present a most comprehensive report on biogenesis of PtNPs by several bacteria like Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Desulfovibrio alaskensis, Escherichia coli, Shewanella algae, Plectonema boryanum, etc. An overview of the underlying mechanisms of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods of synthesis is included. Moreover, this review highlights the scope of developing optimized process to control the physicochemical properties, such as the nanoparticle surface chemistry, charge, size and shape, which, in turn, may affect their nanotoxicity and response at the biointerface for nanomedicine applications.

/pdf/bacteriogenic-platinum-nanoparticles-for-application-in-56ny0az2ke.pdf

Bacteriogenic Platinum Nanoparticles for Application in Nanomedicine.

Anti-diabetic potential of plant alkaloids: Revisiting current findings and future perspectives.

Euphorbia hirta linn., is a species of Euphorbiaceae family. They are known as asthma plant, barokhervi. The plant E. hirta is famous for its medicinal importance among the tribal population. It is a common practice to use the whole to heal wounds. Several pharmacological properties including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antidibetic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticonvulsant, nootropic, antifertility and aphrodisiac properties have already been reported for this plant. The aim of present work was to evaluate the wound healing property in diabetic animals by oral and topical administration of ethanolic extract of E. hirta whole plant. The ethanolic extract of E. hirta was subjected to determine the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content using galic acid and quercetin, respectively as standard. A single injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg, i.p.) prepared in normal saline was administered to produce diabetes in rats, after overnight fasting. For analyzing the rate of contraction of wound, excision wounds sized 4.90cm2 and of 2 mm depth were used. Oral (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day; p.o.) and topical treatment with the extract (5% and 10% ointment 50 mg/kg/day) and standard (5% povidone iodine ointment 50 mg/kg/day) was started on the day of induction of wound and continued up to 16 days. The means of wound area measurement between groups at different time intervals were compared using ANOVA and Dunnet’s test. The diabetic wound healing mechanism was studied by measuring the plasma level of glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in both control and treated groups. For the confirmation of activity, histopathology of the wounds tissues from excision wound model was performed. Phytochemical investigations showed the presence of various phytoconstituents (carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, tannins). In the ethanolic extract of E. hirta the total phenol content was 285 ± 3.22 mg/g whereas the total flavonoid content was 118.46 ± 1.85 mg/g. In the present study, E. hirta caused significant wound closer both orally (35.92%, 44.69% and 61.42% at the doses of 100, 200 and 400, respectively) and topically (32.86% and 36.32% at the doses of 5% and 10%) treated groups as compared to diabetic control. However, the orally treated groups showed more significant effect than the topically treated groups. Moreover, oral administration of E. hirta ethanolic extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in diabetic wound rats (p   0.05). It also demonstrated a significant decrease in the plasma levels of lipid malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. The results of biochemical parameters were further supported by the histopathological changes of different organs (liver, pancrease, kidney, heart and skin from wound area) which were evidenced through a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration. The present study demonstrates that E. hirta whole plant extract promotes healing of wounds more significantly as compared to diabetic control rats, where healing is otherwise delayed.

Wound healing effect of Euphorbia hirta linn. (Euphorbiaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Body-modifying concepts and dermatologic problems: tattooing and piercing

Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of glycyrrhizin-loaded nanoparticles in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The experiment was carried out to access the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path coefficient for 13 diverse genotypes of gladiolus during the year 2010-2011. Considerable amount of variation was observed for all the characters under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than their respective genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all the characters. The PCV and GCV estimate were high for number of cormels per plant followed by leaf width, corm weight per plot, corm weight per plant and number of corms per plant. Genotypic correlation coefficient was higher in magnitude over phenotypic correlations coefficient. Corms weight per plant was significantly and positively correlated with spike weight, number of cormels per plant, number of corms per plant, spike initiation, number of floret per spike and number of leaves per plant. Path coefficient studies show that the spike weight (0.9810) had highest direct effect on corms weight per plant followed by number of cormels per plant (0.8250), number of leaves per plant (0.3789) and spike initiation (0.3520) and direct selection could be made for these characters for improving the yield.

Estimation of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in gladiolus (Gladiolus species L.).

Branding: a harmful practice.

An assuring novel technique in the field of micro-biotechnology is the application of potential microbes for producing inorganic nanoparticles. These biological agents are safe, eco-friendly, and good source of producing green nanoparticles. Since large species of microbial agents with different metabolic complexities have potential of producing metal nanoparticles (NPs), the exact means or procedure of nanoparticle synthesis is not well understood. The interest in the nanotechnology field is triggered by exclusive assets of nanoparticles and their possible and probable fields of application including electronics, medication, and agriculture. With the ever enhancement in global populace and demand for food, the nanotechnology technique may be the most hopeful and reassuring way to improve the overall agricultural production. The potential applications of nanoparticles in agriculture sector include biosensors; gradual, time-consuming, and controlled delivery of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; detection and control of plant diseases; soil and water remediation; etc. At present however the use and employment of nanotechnology in the agricultural field is in the infant stage; however, if discovered gradually and used in a sustainable way, this new technology can help in the orientation of our agriculture and society today to new heights in the future.

Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Microorganisms and Their Significance in Sustainable Agriculture

Use of tobacco products as dentifrice

The present thesis entitled “The Geometry of Slant Lightlike Submanifolds” comprises certain investigations carried out by me at the School of Mathematics (SOM), Thapar University, Patiala, under the supervision of Dr. S. S. Bhatia, Professor, School of Mathematics, Thapar University, Patiala and Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala. The core of differential geometry and modern geometrical dynamics represents the concept of a manifold. Manifolds are the higher-dimensional analogues of surfaces. The local and global properties of smooth manifolds equipped with a metric tensor encodes its geometry. To study the geometric aspects of a manifold, it is more convenient to first embed it into a known manifold and then study the geometry which is induced on it. This approach gives impetus to the study of submanifolds which later developed into a fascinating study of the theory of submanifolds. The geometry of submanifolds of an almost Hermitian manifold depends upon the behaviour of the tangent bundle of the submanifold with respect to the almost complex structure J̄ of the manifold. The action of the almost complex structure give rise to the two well known classes of submanifolds namely, the holomorphic submanifolds and the totally real submanifolds. Let M̄ be an almost Hermitian manifold with almost complex structure J̄ . Consider M as a submanifold of M̄ and let the tangent space and normal space of M at p ∈ M be denoted by TpM and TpM, respectively. If TpM is invariant under the action of J̄ for each p ∈M , that is, if J̄TpM = TpM, for each p ∈ M , then M is called an invariant (or holomorphic) submanifold of M̄ . On the other hand, if J̄TpM is contained in the normal space TpM ⊥, for each p ∈M ,

http://tudr.thapar.edu:8080/jspui/bitstream/10266/3876/4/3876.pdf

The geometry of slant lightlike submanifolds

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