The aim of the present study was to examine further the role that self-identity plays in the theory of planned behaviour and, more specifically, to: (1) examine the combined effects of self-identity and social identity constructs on intention and behaviour, and (2) examine the effects of self-identity as a function of past experience of performing the behaviour. The study was concerned with the prediction of intention to engage in household recycling and reported recycling behaviour. A sample of 143 community residents participated in the study. It was prospective in design: measures of the predictors and intention were obtained at the first wave of data collection, whereas behaviour was assessed two weeks later. Selfidentity significantly predicted behavioural intention, a relationship that was not dependent on the extent to which the behaviour had been performed in the past. As expected, there was also evidence that the perceived norm of a behaviourally relevant reference group was related to behavioural intention, but only for participants who identified strongly with the group, whereas the relationship between perceived behavioural control (a personal factor) and intention was strongest for low identifiers.

The theory of planned behaviour: Self identity, social identity, and group norms

Multi objective particle swarm optimization of hybrid micro-grid system: A case study in Sweden

Although smart grid technology has been extensively accepted, social factors influence the performance of smart grid systems. This smart technology will enable the automated monitoring and control of the power delivery system, increase the capacity of the power delivery system, and enhance the performance and connectivity of end users. However, the perceptions of end users are a key factor for adoption of this technology. When end users do not fully accept the smart grid, the operation of the smart grid is not satisfactory. Most literature has concentrated on the technological aspects of smart grids; a technological solution may be defined as one that requires a change only in the developed technology, demanding little or no change in human values or ideas of morality about the usage of electrical energy. However, the solutions to the problems of implementing smart grid technology are not to be found only in technological aspects. This paper presents experimental scenarios that use signal detection theory (SDT), a well-known tool in psychology research, to capture the perceptions of end users about smart grid technology. If the perceptions of end users are positive, the performance of the smart grid is improved. End user criteria can be analyzed using SDT. In addition, fuzzy logic type 2 is suggested as a way to increase the descriptive power of fuzzy signal detection theory. To obtain end user perceptions, several experimental scenarios were created using a didactic smart grid system designed by Delorenzo Group Italy. End users were faced with real situations that enabled determination of their perceptions about the smart grid technology. Experimental results of end users׳ perceptions of smart grid technology are shown using SDT, fuzzy detection theory, and fuzzy detection theory type 2. The results show that end users have a conservative criterion because they are not entirely confident in the intelligent technology provided by the smart grid; this conservative criterion limits smart grid performance.

End user perceptions toward smart grid technology: Acceptance, adoption, risks, and trust

Prolific research suggests identity associates with pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) that are individual and/or group focused. Individual PEB is personally driven, self-reliant, and are conducted on one’s own (e.g., home recycling). Group focused PEB is other people-reliant and completed as part of a group (e.g., attending meetings of an environmental organisation). A wide range of identities have been related to PEBs. For example, a recent systematic qualitative review revealed 99 different types of identities studied in a PEB context. Most studies were correlational, few had an experimental design. However, the relationships between all these identities and PEBs have so far not been tested quantitatively with meta-analytical techniques. As such, a clear overview of this field is currently lacking. Due to the diverse nature of the field, a priori hypotheses were not possible and relatively broad definitions of identity had to be used to encompass all types of identities and the diverse meanings of identity that have been included in PEB research. What prior theory did allow for was to assess the distinction between two main types of identity, namely how people label, describe, and recognise oneself individually (individual identity), or as part of a group (group identity). Our overall goal was thus to assess the current state of knowledge on identities and PEBs. In 104 studies using a meta-regression following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, our random-effects meta-analysis showed that the overall concept of identity associated with PEB with a medium Pearson’s r (Aim 1). Furthermore, we found that individual identities associated more strongly with PEBs than group identities (Aim 2). The associations between individual and group identities were stronger when the identity and PEB were from the same category (e.g., when both were group-focused; Aim 3). Methodologically, the findings revealed that group identities and group PEBs were most strongly associated for self-reported rather than observed PEBs (Aim 4). Overall identity associated most strongly with group PEBs in the field rather than in the lab (Aim 5) and in student- rather than non-student samples (Aim 6). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications.

/pdf/how-i-see-me-a-meta-analysis-investigating-the-association-15uvrdyucy.pdf

How I See Me-A Meta-Analysis Investigating the Association Between Identities and Pro-environmental Behaviour.

As many countries reduce or abolish centralised government support mechanisms for renewables, such as feed-in-tariffs, it is critical that researchers and policy makers examine other ways of supporting their development. Green electricity tariffs are one possible alternative, using the power of consumer demand to stimulate green electricity supply. This review is the largest ever study of markets for green electricity tariffs, covering 25 jurisdictions including many which have not been examined previously. The research finds that markets have grown significantly in recent years and, compared to the last comprehensive international study in 2002, the products are now available in many more countries. Those countries where green electricity tariffs have been on sale for longer periods of time have also seen significantly increased consumer uptake. A mixed methods approach is used to explore why some markets have seen more growth than others, as there is clear variation across the countries studied. High competition in energy markets is found to be a key driver of green tariff success, with the countries where consumers switched regularly more likely to have high enrolment. This factor has not been previously identified in the literature and highlights the importance of viewing green electricity tariffs in their wider regulatory context. Green tariffs are also found to be almost always more expensive than conventional electricity. While this may seem obvious, it highlights a weakness in some previous research which counterintuitively found that in many cases green electricity is cheaper than conventional electricity. The difference is explained by a change in methodology to one which recognizes that most consumers switching to green electricity are likely to be comparing against the cheapest conventional electricity supplier rather than simply the market average.

An international review of markets for voluntary green electricity tariffs

Consumer behavior in renewable electricity: Can branding in accordance with identity signaling increase demand for renewable electricity and strengthen supplier brands?

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Consumer behavior in renewable electricity: Can branding in accordance with identity signaling increase demand for renewable electricity and strengthen supplier brands?