Multifunctional Mechanical Metamaterials Based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattices

Triply periodic minimal surface structures and related geometries are widely identified in many natural systems, such as biological membranes and biophotonic structures in butterfly-wing scales. Inspired by their marvelous and highly symmetrical structures and optimized physical properties, these structures have sparked immense interest for creating novel materials by extracting the design from nature. Significant progress has been made to understand these biological structures and fabricate artificial materials by top-down and bottom-up approaches for numerous applications in chemistry and materials science. Herein, research achievements, including theoretical and experimental discoveries, in both biological systems and the artificial synthesis of materials with triply periodic minimal surface structures and related materials are summarized. Recent developments in self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal phases, block copolymer systems, and their inorganic replicas are discussed in detail.

An Overview of Materials with Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces and Related Geometry: From Biological Structures to Self-Assembled Systems.

With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields, electrochromic (EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.

Emerging Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Future Displays

Inspired by natural porous architectures, numerous attempts have been made to generate porous structures. Owing to the smooth surfaces, highly interconnected porous architectures, and mathematical controllable geometry features, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is emerging as an outstanding solution to constructing porous structures in recent years. However, many advantages of TPMS are not fully utilized in current research. Critical problems of the process from design, manufacturing to applications need further systematic and integrated discussions. In this work, a comprehensive overview of TPMS porous structures is provided. In order to generate the digital models of TPMS, the geometry design algorithms and performance control strategies are introduced according to diverse requirements. Based on that, precise additive manufacturing methods are summarized for fabricating physical TPMS products. Furthermore, actual multidisciplinary applications are presented to clarify the advantages and further potential of TPMS porous structures. Eventually, the existing problems and further research outlooks are discussed.

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) porous structures: from multi-scale design, precise additive manufacturing to multidisciplinary applications

The incorporation of carbon nanotubes in a silica matrix produces oxygen dopant states that can emit single photons at room temperature and at wavelengths relevant for applications in telecommunications. On-demand single-photon sources capable of operating at room temperature and the telecom wavelength range of 1,300–1,500 nm hold the key to the realization of novel technologies that span from sub-diffraction imaging to quantum key distribution and photonic quantum information processing1,2,3. Here, we show that incorporation of undoped (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes into a SiO2 matrix can lead to the creation of solitary oxygen dopant states capable of fluctuation-free, room-temperature single-photon emission in the 1,100–1,300 nm wavelength range. We investigated the effects of temperature on photoluminescence emission efficiencies, fluctuations and decay dynamics of the dopant states and determined the conditions most suitable for the observation of single-photon emission. This emission can in principle be extended to 1,500 nm by doping of smaller-bandgap single-walled carbon nanotubes4,5. This easy tunability presents a distinct advantage over existing defect centre single-photon emitters (for example, diamond defect centres)1,2,3,6. Our SiO2-encapsulated sample also presents exciting opportunities to apply Si/SiO2-based micro/nano-device fabrication techniques in the development of electrically driven single-photon sources and integration of these sources into quantum photonic devices and networks.

Room-temperature single-photon generation from solitary dopants of carbon nanotubes

Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is a promising route to manufacture functional nanomaterials for applications from nanolithography to optical metamaterials. Self-assembled cubic morphologies cannot, however, be conveniently optically characterized in the lab due to their structural isotropy. Here, the aligned crystallization behavior of a semicrystalline-amorphous polyisoprene-b-polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (ISO) triblock terpolymer was utilized to visualize the grain structure of the cubic microphase-separated morphology. Upon quenching from a solvent swollen state, ISO first self-assembles into an alternating gyroid morphology, in the confinement of which the PEO crystallizes preferentially along the least tortuous pathways of the single gyroid morphology with grain sizes of hundreds of micrometers. Strikingly, the resulting anisotropic alignment of PEO crystallites gives rise to a unique optical birefringence of the alternating gyroid domains, which allows imaging of the self-assembled grain ...

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01528

Optical Imaging of Large Gyroid Grains in Block Copolymer Templates by Confined Crystallization

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201502392

/pdf/3d-nanostructured-conjugated-polymers-for-optical-1zhomr4ghh.pdf

3D Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers for Optical Applications

Synthesis and cryogenic spectroscopy of narrow-diameter single-wall carbon nanotubes

In a method of manufacturing an adjusting magnet (8) adapted to align magnetic printing pigments in the production of security elements (2), the magnet (8) is manufactured in accordance with a predetermined stray magnetic field (6). It is envisaged that the magnet (8) is produced by means of an additive process, wherein magnetic particles (34) are solidified in a specific position and in a specific magnetic orientation, so that the magnet (8) generates the fixed stray magnetic field (6).

Adjustment magnet for the production of security elements with magnetically oriented effect pigments and method for the production of such adjustment magnets

The invention relates to a flat security element with microreflectors for creating value documents, such as bank notes (B), cheques or the like, wherein the flat security element (S) defines a main plane (H) and the microreflectors (4, 5, 6) are arranged in a microreflector pattern (1, 2, 3) and in a bird's eye view of the flat security element present a first and a third motif (7, 8) when tilted about an axis (Al), wherein the first motif (7) can only be perceived in a first tilt angle range (W1) and the third motif (8) can only be perceived in a third tilt angle range (W3), wherein the first motif (7) appears at a first position (10) which is laterally offset in relation to a second position (11) at which the third motif (8) appears, the tilt angle ranges (W1, W3) are disjoint, so that therebetween at least a part of a second tilt angle range (W2) lies in which neither the first motif (7) nor the third motif (8) can be perceived, and the microreflector pattern (1, 2, 3) presents, in the second tilt angle range (W2), a second motif (9) which, during a tilt movement which goes through the second tilt angle range (W2), shows a motif movement effect which runs in the main plane (H) or parallel thereto.

Security element with microreflectors

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