Contributions to the phytotherapies of digestive disorders: Traditional knowledge and cultural drivers of Manoor Valley, Northern Pakistan

The present study was aimed to extract tannins from methanolic extracts of Salix alba and determination of their antimicrobial potential. Antibacterial activity of tannins extracted from S. alba leaves and stem bark methanolic extracts was determined by using agar well diffusion assay against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (1), S. aureus (2), Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli (1), E. coli (2), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and zone of inhibition was measured in terms of millimeter. The highest inhibition zone was recorded at 17.33 ± 1.15 by using bark tannins (100 mg/ml) against S. aureus (2) after an incubation period of 48 h while no activity was reported against S. sonnei by using leaves tannins. It was observed that the tannins from the bark of the S. alba were more effective to kill all bacterial pathogens and the inhibition percentage increased with increasing the concentration of the tannins. Major classes of secondary metabolites were determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Leaves fraction of S. alba methanolic extract was enriched with Tannins, Quinones, Steroids, Resins, and Phenols while stem bark extracts were embellished with Flavonoids, Tannins, Quinones, and Phenols. Findings from this study will help to develop formulation from S. alba tannins and endorse the ethnopharmacological utilization of the evaluated plant.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Tannins Extracted from Salix alba L. Against Different Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains

This study was conducted to investigate the ethnobotanical knowledge of the population of the Fairy Meadow National Park, Diamir, Gilgit Baltistan. The study area was previously ignored due to physical barriers, remoteness and religious extremism. The use of medicinal plants for various maladies, known to the elders of the community and passed orally to the younger generation was documented. A total of 146 informants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. The data was quantitatively analyzed employing frequency of citation (FC), use value (UV), relative frequency of citation (RFC) along with Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). A total of 90 plants species belonging to 77 genera and 49 different families have been documented. These medicinal plants were used against 55 diseases, especially stomach problems (23.3%), cough (17.7%), asthma and fever (16.6%). For 31 out of 90 plants species which had been reported either, new uses (28 plants) or new use-report (3 plants) were found. New reported medicinal plants include Allium gilgitensis, Astragalus gilgitensis and Pedicularia flava. The majority of the documented plants were wild collected (86%), herbs (60%), and leaves were the most widely used part (27%). The common method of preparation was powder (27%) mainly administered orally (81.7%). The highest use values were found for Berberis lyceum (5.47), Thymus lineari s(5.07) and Rhododendron anthopogon (5.0), while the plants with greater relative frequency of citation were Berberis lyceum (0.97), Thymus linearis (0.89) and Rhododendron anthopogon (0.75). The Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.836 between RFC and UV showing high positive association. This study was an extension to the ethnobotanical work done in Pakistan previously. We documented a wealth of traditional knowledge, and could record the uses of various species for the first time from Pakistan. The new use reports and new plants reported supplement the foundation of pharmacology and new drug development for complex and challenging disease.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/01/08/507848.full.pdf

A quantitative medico-botanical expedition of Fairy Meadows National Park, Diamir, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

The Ethnobotanical Study and Phytochemical Screening of Medicinal Plants have been conducted on Karonese people from North Sumatra, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to explore and explain the relationship between anthropology and biology aspect throught ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants using interview and participation observation method. Result showed that Karonese people had wide knowledge and close relationship with their plant resources especially medicinal plants. There were 181 species of medicinal plants in study area indicating that Karonese people had wide knowledge of using medicinal plants. Phytochemical screening showed that Bischofia javanica (cingkam) and Curcuma domestica (kaciwer) had secondary metabolite of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/5/052008/pdf

Ethnobotanical study and phytochemical screening of medicinal plants on Karonese people from North Sumatra, Indonesia

People in Katsina State, Nigeria have been using medicinal plants to cure several ailments associated with liver since time immemorial; however the use of such plants was never documented. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted to document the medicinal plants used for the management of hepatic ailments in Katsina State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire method was adopted to interview 150 respondents (50 respondents from 1 Local Government Area of each of the three Senatorial Zones of the State) comprising herbalist, farmers, house wives, and others. A total of 62 plant species belonging to 57 genera distributed among 34 families were documented. Most of the reported plants belong to the Fabaceae (24.19%), Moraceae (6.45%), followed by Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae (each with 4.84%). Senna occidentalis L., Ficus thonningii Bl., and Moringa oleifera Lam. had the highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) of 0.75, 0.64, and 0.53 respectively. Majority (38.71%) of the reported plants were trees and about 79.03% of the surveyed plants are sourced from wild. Leaves were the most frequently used (45.16%) plants part. Most of the herbal medicines (80.65%) were prepared in form of decoction and all the medicines were administered orally. This is the first ethnobotanical study on hepatic ailments in the study area. Results of the study could serve as baseline data based on which further ethnopharmacological investigations would be carried out.  Further researches aimed at conserving as well as validating the folkloric use of the surveyed plants would be ideal.

	Key words: Ethnobotany, hepatic ailments, Katsina State, medicinal plants, Nigeria.

/pdf/medicinal-plants-used-for-the-management-of-hepatic-ailments-4d4k0w3wnm.pdf

Medicinal plants used for the management of hepatic ailments in Katsina State, Nigeria

Background: Ethnomedicinal knowledge is highly significant for persistence of human health care. Different studies shown that medicinal
plants are considered as curing agent for digestive disorders in Pakistan. The aim of present review is to explore this ethnomedicinal information
all over the Pakistan and to investigate the ecological status of these species in the country.
Methodology: Online litera

/pdf/ethnomedicinal-plants-used-against-common-digestive-problems-19dbjk5e72.pdf

Ethnomedicinal plants used against common digestive problems

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Ethnomedicinal plants used against common digestive problems