Acetylcholine signaling by the parasympathetic nervous system is crucial for proper insulin release. Alejandro Caicedo and his colleagues now show that such cholinergic signaling in human pancreatic islets is instead locally derived by pancreatic alpha cells—a finding that may have an impact on future drug development to treat diabetes.

/pdf/alpha-cells-secrete-acetylcholine-as-a-non-neuronal-1hxxzg84hx.pdf

Alpha cells secrete acetylcholine as a non-neuronal paracrine signal priming beta cell function in humans

Cells present in processed lipoaspirate tissue are used to treat patients. Methods of treating patients include processing adipose tissue to deliver a concentrated amount of stem cells obtained from the adipose tissue to a patient. The methods may be practiced in a closed system so that the stem cells are not exposed to an external environment prior to being administered to a patient. Compositions that are administered to a patient include a mixture of adipose tissue and stem cells so that the composition has a higher concentration of stem cells than when the adipose tissue was removed from the patient.

Systems and methods for treating patients with processed lipoaspirate cells

The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5–1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its ...

Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans

Compositions, methods, systems/devices and media are provided for maintaining a harvested organ in a functioning and viable state prior to implantation. The organ perfusion apparatus includes a preservation chamber for storing the organ during the preservation period. A perfusion circuit is provided having a first line for providing an oxygenated fluid to the organ, and a second line for carrying depleted fluid away from the organ. The perfusion apparatus also includes a device operably associated with the perfusion circuit for maintaining the organ at a substantially normothermic temperature.

Compositions, methods and devices for maintaining an organ

The function and viability of cultured, transplanted, or encapsulated pancreatic islets is often limited by hypoxia because these islets have lost their vasculature during the isolation process and have to rely on gradient-driven passive diffusion, which cannot provide adequate oxygen transport Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) are particularly susceptible due to their relatively large size, large metabolic demand, and increased sensitivity to hypoxia Here, finite element method (FEM) based multiphysics models are explored to describe oxygen transport and cell viability in avascular islets both in static and in moving culture media Two- and three-dimensional models were built in COMSOL Multiphysics using the convection and diffusion as well as the incompressible Navier-Stokes fluid dynamics application modes Oxygen consumption was assumed to follow Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics and to cease when local concentrations fell below a critical threshold; in a dynamic model, it was also allowed to increase with increasing glucose concentration Partial differential equation (PDE) based exploratory cellular-level oxygen consumption and cell viability models incorporating physiologically realistic assumptions have been implemented for fully scaled cell culture geometries with 100, 150, and 200 μ m diameter islets as representative Calculated oxygen concentrations and intra-islet regions likely to suffer from hypoxia-related necrosis obtained for traditional flask-type cultures, oxygen-permeable silicone-rubber membrane bottom cultures, and perifusion chambers with flowing media and varying incoming glucose levels are presented in detail illustrated with corresponding colour-coded figures and animations Results of the computational models are, as a first estimate, in good quantitative agreement with existing experimental evidence, and they confirm that during culture, hypoxia is often a problem for non-vascularised islet and can lead to considerable cell death (necrosis), especially in the core region of larger islets Such models are of considerable interest to improve the function and viability of cultured, transplanted, or encapsulated islets The present implementation allows convenient extension to true multiphysics applications that solve coupled physics phenomena such as diffusion and consumption with convection due to flowing or moving media

/pdf/fem-based-oxygen-consumption-and-cell-viability-models-for-4jchxldy5j.pdf

FEM-based oxygen consumption and cell viability models for avascular pancreatic islets.

An apparatus and method for extracting cells from organs in which a digestion chamber includes at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and a separator for retaining the organ and permitting the cells and the physiologically compatible medium to exit the outlet. The digestion chamber can also includes at least one agitation member having an interior with at least one void. An agitation member for extracting cells from organs is also disclosed.

Apparatus and method for isolating cells from organs

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3727/096368912X657873

A Physiological Pattern of Oxygenation Using Perfluorocarbon-Based Culture Devices Maximizes Pancreatic Islet Viability and Enhances β-Cell Function

A method for storing organs, cells, and tissues, includes the steps of providing a gas impermeable container; providing a preservation solution containing dissolved oxygen; placing the preservation solution into the container with the organ, cell or tissue; and hermetically closing said container. A system for storing organs, cells, and tissue includes a gas impermeable organ container for the organs, cells and tissue. A hermetically sealable solution container is provided for storing a preservation solution. The preservation solution contains dissolved oxygen. A dispensing structure is provided for placing the solution into the organ container. The preservation solution can include an oxygen-carrier solution and UW solution. The oxygen-carrier solution can be perfluorocarbon.

Apparatus and method for organ preservation and transportation

A perfusion apparatus for perfusing an organ includes a pump for pumping perfusion liquid though a perfusion liquid conduit, the conduit having an outlet A pressure sensor senses the pressure of the perfusion liquid downstream of the pump and upstream of the outlet A controller controls the output of the pump responsive to the pressure, so as to keep the pressure of the liquid reaching the organ substantially constant

Perfusion apparatus and method

A orbital shaker for cell extraction includes a digestion chamber and structure for translating the digestion chamber. Structure is also provided for rotating the digestion chamber. A method of performing cell extraction is also disclosed.

Orbital shaker for cell extraction

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