Natural fiber-based composites are applied in many structural engineered products from civil constructions to automobile manufacturing due to the properties such as low density, high aspect ratio, biodegradability and ease to work. During the past decades such composites have been thoroughly studied for their mechanical properties and failure behavior and their properties compared with those of synthetic fiber-based composites. Other properties, such as the thermal behavior of natural fibers and composites, have also been studied because they determine the performance of their products possible. It deals with the effect of temperature on adhesive curing, effect of high temperature and fire damage during fabrication. Further, the thermal properties have equal importance in structural applications such as temperature transfer from end to end, load capacity at specific temperature, material behavior and dimensional stability at high temperature. In this respect the isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimatric analyses are discussed and the improtance of glass transition temperature is studied during prepapration of composites to ensure their ultimate properties. Although there are several works that have been done on thermal behavior, especially thermogravimetric analysis of natural fibers and their composites, there is no review article available specially focused on natural fiber-based composites, hybrid composites, and nanocomposites. The aim of this review was to focus on the advances in the comprehension of thermogravimetric behavior of natural fibers and compare the effect of natural fibers as reinforced materials in polymer composites.

Thermal stability of natural fibers and their polymer composites

Valorization of food processing wastes and by-products for bioplastic production

Enhancement of impact toughness and damage behaviour of natural fibre reinforced composites and their hybrids through novel improvement techniques: A critical review

The utilization of carbonaceous reinforcement-based polymer matrix composites in structural applications has become a hot topic in composite research. Although conventional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have revolutionized the composite industry by offering unparalleled features, they are often plagued with a weak interface and lack of toughness. However, the promising aspects of carbon fiber-based fiber hybrid composites and hierarchical composites can compensate for these setbacks. This review provides a meticulous landscape and recent progress of polymer matrix-based different carbonaceous (carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphene, and nanodiamond) fillers reinforced composites’ mechanical properties. First, the mechanical performance of neat CFRP was exhaustively analyzed, attributing parameters were listed down, and CFRPs’ mechanical performance barriers were clearly outlined. Here, short carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite was distinguished as a prospective material. Second, the strategic advantages of fiber hybrid composites over conventional CFRP were elucidated. Third, the mechanical performance of hierarchical composites based on carbon nanotube (1D), graphene (2D) and nanodiamond (0D) was expounded and evaluated against neat CFRP. Fourth, the review comprehensively discussed different fabrication methods, categorized them according to performance and suggested potential future directions. From here, the review sorted out three-dimensional printing (3DP) as the most futuristic fabrication method and thoroughly delivered its pros and cons in the context of the aforementioned carbonaceous materials. To conclude, the structural applications, current challenges and future prospects pertinent to these carbonaceous fillers reinforced composite materials were elaborated. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42823-022-00358-2.pdf

A review on carbon fiber-reinforced hierarchical composites: mechanical performance, manufacturing process, structural applications and allied challenges

The application of natural fibers could be enhanced manifold by using them together with synthetic fibers, which can potentially reduce the cost of the hybrid composites. In this study, vacuum assisted resin infusion process has been used to fabricate composites using woven jute fibers (six layers) and carbon fibers (four layers) with four different stacking sequences and three different fiber orientations. Tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption tests are carried out based on the ASTM standards to evaluate the effect of stacking sequence and fiber orientation on the hybrid composites. Experimental results revealed that fiber orientation and stacking sequence of the fiber layers have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the composite materials. The obtained results showed that placing four layers of carbon fiber centrally and three layers of jute fiber on both sides unidirectionally (J3C4J3) exhibited the highest tensile strength (571 MPa). However, placing six layers of jute fiber centrally and two layers of carbon fiber on both sides unidirectionally (C2J6C2) exhibited the highest flexural strength (455 MPa), impact strength (30 kJ/m2) and the lowest amount of water absorption rate (3.8%). Properties of unidirectional hybrid composites are superior comparing to angle-ply and cross-ply hybrid composites. Although the stacking sequence has a noticeable effect on the tensile strength and water absorption percentage, it has a significant effect on the flexural and impact properties of the hybrid composites. It is worth pointing out that these hybrid composites are a promising material for lightweight load-bearing structural applications.

Experimental investigation of the mechanical and water absorption properties on fiber stacking sequence and orientation of jute/carbon epoxy hybrid composites

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are important in various fields from household articles to automobiles. Natural and synthetic fibers have low cost, light weight, and have high specific and mechanical strength. Natural fibers have limitations in different applications due to moisture absorption and low thermal stability. The moisture content creates a hurdle for fiber/resin good bonding in composites. Fiber treatment helps to reduce moisture content and enhance interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix. Hybrid composites are a mixture of two different types of fiber that are reinforced in one polymer or vice versa. It shows unique properties that are difficult to achieve from one type of fiber-reinforced polymer composite. Selection of polymer with fibers should always be considered because polymers play a very important role of compatibility with fibers and in the strength of hybrid composites. Different types of polymers need different kinds of manufacturing processes for fabrication of hybrid composites. Thermoset manufacturing techniques of composites consist of a hand lay-up method, compression molding technique, and a pultrusion process. Hand lay-up and compression molding techniques are widely accepted in producing hybrid composites. These techniques are common in both thermosets and thermoplastics polymers. Fiber-reinforced hybrid composites have been emerging widely as potential materials for fabrication of composites for different applications. Using such well-characterized processing techniques and modification methods help to achieve desirable qualities in products.

Processing of hybrid polymer composites—a review

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Processing of hybrid polymer composites—a review