Statistical Methods For Agricultural Workers

Nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, present in wastewater need to be removed to protect water bodies from the consequences of eutrophication. Among the many possibilities, recovering the nutrients as struvite has become attractive, particularly from the isolated sources of urine stream considering its potential use as a fertilizer akin to Diammonium phosphate (DAP). The present paper deals with studies on the production of struvite from synthetic human urine using an inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR) based on the batch process results. Unlike the 85% recovery of struvite for the optimized molar ratios of magnesium, ammonium and phosphate at pH 9.5, the IFBR experiments yielded approximately 95% recovery at optimal operating parameters with respect to condition, size of low density polypropylene particles (6 mm) with density (963 kg/m3) and bed height (45 cm). The purity and microstructure were examined using XRD, SEM / EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. The fertilization efficiency was assessed with struvite application and integrated with nitrogen-fixing Azospirullum rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus megaterium on the growth of Arachis hypogaea plants in the field. Studies conducted along with commonly used DAP on sandy topsoil indicated efficient absorption of struvite by microbes and providing the most encouraging number of seed/pod (capsule) and straw yields (g/plant) comparable to conventional superphosphate DAP. The nutrient availability in the soil was confirmed based on the soil properties before and after harvest. Extensive tests of the plant properties proved the positive agronomic results of struvite fertilization.

Struvite recovery from human urine in inverse fluidized bed reactor and evaluation of its fertilizing potential on the growth of Arachis hypogaea

Groundnut is one of the most popular and universal crop cultivated in more than 120 countries. In India, it is cultivated on area of 5.53 M ha with production of 9.67 M tones and productivity of 1750 kg ha -1 during 20132014 (AICRPG, 2015). Based on rainfall pattern, soil factors, diseases and pest situations, groundnut growing area in India has been divided into five zones. Currently six states viz., Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Rajasthan account for more than 90% of the total groundnut area and 89.3% of total groundnut production. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal are the other states having substantial area under this crop. Among the major groundnut growing states, Gujarat rank first in area (1.84 M ha) and production (4.92 M tones) with productivity of 2670 kg ha -1 (AICRPG, 2015).Integrated nutrient management plays an important role in boosting groundnut International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 1951-1957 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

/pdf/effect-of-integrated-nutrient-management-on-productivity-of-6bgxl127t7.pdf

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Productivity of Summer Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Challenges faced by smallholder farmers in east Africa include limited access to inputs, small farm sizes, and erratic rainfall patterns. Legume intensification and species diversification have been recommended for improving food and nutritional security, controlling soil erosion, improving soil fertility, supplying income and providing fuel. The aim of the thesis was to assess the various contributions legumes make in integrated crop-livestock systems and to facilitate their efficient use. The approaches used included: 1) an on-farm survey of 268 farmers in Kenya and Democratic Republic of the Congo to assess farmers’ perceptions of legumes and their functions; 2) a metaanalysis on the effects of crop management practices on legume productivity and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in sub-Saharan Africa; 3) an on-farm experiment in Kenya investigating the effects of crops and crop mixtures including legumes on soil erosion control; and 4) providing inputs from literature review and experimental results to further develop the LegumeCHOICE decision support tool. Results showed that farmers appreciated legumes more for their food and income functions than for provision of fodder, fuel, soil fertility or erosion control. Furthermore, according to survey work, the concept of “legumes” had little meaning for farmers. The metaanalysis showed that crop management practices directly influenced legume productivity. Intercropping increased the total land equivalent ratio (LER). Focusing on the legume component, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) had a relative LER of 90%, while for species such as groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) the figure was around 60%. Inoculation and phosphorus (P) application increased legume grain and biomass yield, and species and soil type helped explain the variation of legume productivity in response to those management practices. Inoculation also increased the amount of nitrogen (N) fixed by legumes. Experimental work showed that incorporating different crop types and crop mixtures with legumes increased rainfall infiltration and earthworm population, and reduced runoff and soil erosion. Calliandra hedgerows, mulching and sole Mucuna reduced soil erosion and runoff more than maize/common bean intercropping. Developing literature-derived values as a complement to the expert scores, which presently underlie the LegumeCHOICE tool improved the relationships between the scoring and actual provision of food, livestock feed and soil fertility improvement using grain and biomass yield and BNF as proxies. This thesis shows that farmers in east Africa have some knowledge about legumes although their perception of the various functions legumes provide is limited. Despite heterogeneity of smallholder farming systems, legumes respond consistently to intercropping, inoculation and P-application. Combining literature values with expert scores enhanced the validity of the LegumeCHOICE tool for supporting farmer decision making.

Integrating legumes in mixed crop-livestock systems in east Africa: Farmers' perceptions, ecosystem services and support for decision making

Groundnut, being an important source of edible oil, digestible protein and carbohydrates, has been given great attention due to its ample contribution to human nutrition. Due to constant decrement in soil fertility status, its production and productivity is low in the country. The deficiency of macro and micro nutrient in soil leads to poor quality produce (lower oil and protein content). Persistent nutrient depletion is posing a greater threat to the sustainable agriculture. Although, chemical fertilizers are playing crucial role but various constraints viz., short in supply, rising price and harm to the soil fertility and productivity increased the awareness to adopt a technology which can support developing sustainable, green and non-polluted agriculture.

Liquid Biofertilizer and Inorganic Nutrients Effect on Physiological, Quality Parameters and Productivity of Kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Sardarkrishinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University Sardarkrushinagar to
study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield attributes of summer groundnut in 2012. The
soil of experimental field was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.17 %) and available nitrogen (149 kg
ha-1), medium in available P2O5 (29.3 kg ha-1) and rich in K2O (287 kg ha-1) status. Result revealed that the significantly highest pod yield (2650 kg ha-1), haulm yield (4633 kg ha-1), growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (43.9 cm), filled pods plant-1(22.6), total pods plant-1(31.4), pod weight plant-1 (22.3 g) and 100 kernel weight (43.9 g) were recorded under the treatment which received 125 % recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost. While in case of phosphorus application @ 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher pod (2824 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (4655 kg ha-1) over PSB only and 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 which was at par with the application of phosphorus @ 25 kg ha-1 + PSB for yield attributing characters viz., filled pods plant-1, total pods plant-1, pod weight plant-1. Maximum net realization of
`1,13, 056 ha-1 with CBR 4.49 was obtained under application of 125 % RDN through vermicompost with 50 kg
P2O5 ha-1 (V3P4). Vermicompost and phosphorus did not exert its interaction effects during course of investigation.
This concludes that the groundnut crop should be inoculated with PSB culture @ 200 g per 8 kg seeds before
sowing and crop should be fertilized with 125% RDN through vermicompost and phosphorus @ 50 kg P2O5 ha-1
loamy sand soil of North Gujarat agro-climatic condition.

https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/618/575

Growth, yield, yield attributes and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management

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Growth, yield, yield attributes and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management