A system for the assessment of network performance criteria, and applying this criteria to the classification of network addresses into appropriate ranges, using these ranges to consolidate performance measurements for the associated addresses, and applying these metrics toward the optimization of the network towards performance or policy objectives.

Method and apparatus for the assessment and optimization of network traffic

An address of a server (406) that should supply an information object or service to a requestor is returned in response to a request therefor. The address (416) of the server (406) that is returned is an optimal server (406) selected according to specified performance metrics. The specified performance metrics may include one or more of an average delay from the server to another, average processing delays at the server, reliability of a path from the server to another, available bandwidth in said path, and loads on the server.

/pdf/system-and-method-for-information-object-routing-in-computer-2hhwvyy449.pdf

System and method for information object routing in computer networks

A request for an information object at an address identified by a uniform resource locator (URL) is received; and the URL is mapped to a corresponding anycast address for the information object. Thereafter, the anycast address for the information object may be resolved to a unicast address for the information object, and the information object sent to the client. The request may be received at an information object repository that is topologically closer to the client than any other information object repository. This closest information object repository may be selected according to specified performance metrics, such as: average delay from the selected information object repository to a source of the request, average processing delay at the selected information object repository, reliability of a path from the selected information object repository, available bandwidth in said path, and loads on the selected information object repository.

/pdf/system-and-method-for-using-network-layer-uniform-resource-4kaxljzgfn.pdf

System and method for using network layer uniform resource locator routing to locate the closest server carrying specific content

Various information object repository selection procedures for determining which of a number of information object repositories should service a request for the information object include a direct cache selection process, a redirect cache selection process, a remote DNS cache selection process, or a local DNS cache selection process. Different combinations of these procedures may also be used. For example different combination may be used depending on the type of content being requested. The direct cache selection process may be used for information objects that will be immediately loaded without user action, while any of the redirect cache selection process, the remote DNS cache selection process and/or the local DNS cache selection process may be used for information objects that will be loaded only after some user action.

System and method for using a mapping between client addresses and addresses of caches to support content delivery

Network endpoints using TCP/IP operate to determine the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the path between them. This determination is done so as to avoid the expensive IP fragmentation that will occur when transitting links with a smaller MTU size. The standard method of determining the path MTU (PMTU) has several known deficiencies, including: inefficient use of bandwidth as proper operation will likely result in the loss of one or more packets and difficulty of implementation as the reverse channel communication mechanism, reception of ICMP messages indicating the discarding of unfragmentable packets, is frequently blocked by firewalls and other security apparatus. A method of determining the PMTU between intermediate proxies is disclosed that does not require reception of ICMP messages or the inefficient use of bandwidth due to the presumed dropping of packets with valid data.

Method of determining path maximum transmission unit

A method, system, and computer-readable code for measuring network latency between a client computer and a server machine without requiring any additional software on the client. Network latency is a measurement that reflects the network round trip delay between a client machine and a server machine. The present invention defines a novel technique for gathering latency information. This information may be used in a variety of ways (such as making policy decisions that may limit the amount of data sent over a communications path due to detection of high latency in the network).

Technique for measuring round-trip latency to computing devices requiring no client-side proxy presence

The promise of e-business is coming true: both businesses and individuals are using the Web to buy products and services. Both want to extend the reach of e-business to new environments. Customers want to check accounts, access information, and make purchases with their cellular phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Banks, airlines, and retailers are competing to provide the most ubiquitous, convenient service for their customers. Web applications designed to take advantage of the rich rendering capabilities of advanced desktop browsers on large displays do not generally render effectively on the small screens available on phones and PDAs. Some devices have little or no graphics capability, or they require different markup languages, such as Wireless Markup Language (WML), for text presentation. Transcoding is technology for adapting content to match constraints and preferences associated with specific environments. This paper compares and contrasts different approaches to content adaptation, including authoring different versions to accommodate different environments, using application server technology such as JavaServer pagesTM (JSPTM) to create multiple versions of dynamic applications, and dynamically transcoding information generated by a single application. For dynamic transcoding, the paper describes several different transcoding methodologies employed by the IBM WebSphereTM Transcoding Publisher product, including HyperText Markup Language (HTML) simplification, Extensible Markup Language stylesheet selection and application, HTML conversion to WML, WML deck fragmentation, and image transcoding. The paper discusses how to decide whether transcoding should be performed at the content source or in a network intermediary. It also describes a means of identifying the device and network characteristics associated with a request and using that information to decide how to transcode the response. Finally, the paper discusses the need for new networking benchmarks to characterize the server load and performance characteristics for dynamic transcoding.

Transcoding: extending e-business to new environments

A technique for adapting receiver thresholds to improve rate-based flow control in a data communications network. With this invention, the flow control process becomes self-calibrating such that threshold values are dynamically adjusted to adapt to current network conditions, without requiring user intervention. Several different indicators of network conditions are monitored, and appropriate adjustments are made to the threshold(s) upon detecting these specific indicators. One monitor enables the threshold to increase when the network is uncongested, enabling the sender to increase its transmission rate. Conversely, the threshold is lowered if the network is congested, so that the transmission rate will be decreased. Another monitor balances bandwidth allocation among connections sharing a bottleneck resource, by lowering the threshold (and therefore decreasing the send rate) when a connection uses a high share of the resource. A third monitor detects the presence of traffic from protocols not using adaptive receiver thresholds, and adjusts the threshold (including an upper and lower threshold bound) in order to compete fairly for resources with these other protocols. The monitors may be implemented individually or in combination.

Adapting receiver thresholds to improve rate-based flow control

An improved technique is disclosed for routing data across multiple topology subnets, and for improving the connectivity between nodes in multiple topology subnets, by using a common connection network. A new type of virtual node, referred to herein as a “global” virtual routing node or “GVRN”, is defined to represent connectivity to an underlying network that may extend beyond the boundaries of the topology subnets in the end-to-end path. This underlying network is also referred to as a “common connection network” or a “global connection network”. The present invention also defines novel techniques with which border nodes pass routing information between networks to convey connectivity to the GVRN. In many cases, use of GVRNs will result in shorter end-to-end data transmission paths.

Efficient connectivity between multiple topology subnets via common connection network

In this paper, we discuss the evolving environment and requirements for the Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking™ (APPN®) architecture and the accommodation of these changes in basic directory, topology, and configuration services, as well as in application transport capabilities. We use high-performance routing, a recent APPN extension, as an example of the adaptation of the architecture to emerging highspeed communication facilities and the increasing trend to multiprotocol networks. Finally, we discuss some extensions to switched support and network management in APPN and speculate on possible future considerations.

Advances in APPN architecture

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