Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.

Carbon quantum dots and their applications

Recent developments of zinc oxide based photocatalyst in water treatment technology: A review

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are carbon-based chemical substances that are resistant to environmental degradation and may not be completely removed through treatment processes. Their persistence can contribute to adverse health impacts on wild-life and human beings. Thus, the solar photocatalysis process has received increasing attention due to its great potential as a green and eco-friendly process for the elimination of POPs to increase the security of clean water. In this context, ZnO nanostructures have been shown to be prominent photocatalyst candidates to be used in photodegradation owing to the facts that they are low-cost, non-toxic and more efficient in the absorption across a large fraction of the solar spectrum compared to TiO 2 . There are several aspects, however, need to be taken into consideration for further development. The purpose of this paper is to review the photo-degradation mechanisms of POPs and the recent progress in ZnO nanostructured fabrication methods including doping, heterojunction and modification techniques as well as improvements of ZnO as a photocatalyst. The second objective of this review is to evaluate the immobilization of photocatalyst and suspension systems while looking into their future challenges and prospects.

A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications

The chemical and structural analysis of graphene oxide with different degrees of oxidation

Recently a novel DNA virus (Torque Teno Virus (TTV) has been identified in Japan and shown to be associated with elevated aminotransferase s levels after transfusion. However the exact role of TTV in pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients and its relationship with elevated alanine-aminotransfrase (ALT) and aspartateaminotransfrase (AST). This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted on 452 thallasemic patients. Serums were collected from all of the patients, first ALT and AST levels were determined. Then, after DNA extraction, TTV DNA was amplified and detected using semi-nested PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from each participant for statistical analysis. The findings showed that 160 of 452 (35.4%) samples had TTV DNA detected by PCR. From 160 TTV DNA positive, 98 (61.20%) were female and 62 (38.80%) of them were male (P=0.549). The mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive group were higher than in TTV negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The result showed that the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients in Jahrom is less than other studies in Iran and the mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive individuals were about 2 times more than in TTV negative individuals.

/pdf/molecular-prevalence-and-clinical-importance-of-torque-teno-2fi9z1ixeg.pdf

Molecular Prevalence and Clinical Importance of Torque Teno Virus Infection in Thalassemia Patients as High Risk Individuals

The photocatalytic characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures synthesized by modified Hummer’s method were investigated by measuring reduction rate of resazurin (RZ) into resorufin (RF) as a function of UV irradiation time. The progress of the photocatalytic reaction was monitored by change in color from blue (RZ) into pink (RF) followed by absorption spectra. It exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, leading to the reduction of RZ in UV irradiation. The fitting of absorbance maximum versus time suggests that the reduction of RZ follow the pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. These results indicate that GO have great potential for use as a photocatalyst.

Graphene oxide as a photocatalytic material

In this paper, we are investigating the Raman and photoluminescence properties of reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGO). Moreover, graphene oxide (GO) sheets are synthesized using Hummer’s method and further reduced into graphene sheets using D-galactose. Both GO and rGO are characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Raman analysis of rGO shows the restoration of graphitic domains in GO after reduction. The photoluminescence of rGO showed emission in the UV region which is blue shifted along with luminescent quenching as compared to GO. This blue shift and quenching in photoluminescence arises due to the newly formed crystalline sp2 clusters in rGO which created percolation pathways between the sp2 clusters already present.

Investigation of Raman and photoluminescence studies of reduced graphene oxide sheets

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped ZnO nanorods

An investigation of the electrical transport properties of graphene-oxide thin films

Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

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