5G (fifth-generation technology) technologies are becoming more mainstream thanks to great efforts from telecommunication companies, research facilities, and governments. This technology is often associated with the Internet of Things to improve the quality of life for citizens by automating and gathering data recollection processes. This paper presents the 5G and IoT technologies, explaining common architectures, typical IoT implementations, and recurring problems. This work also presents a detailed and explained overview of interference in general wireless applications, interference unique to 5G and IoT, and possible optimization techniques to overcome these challenges. This manuscript highlights the importance of addressing interference and optimizing network performance in 5G networks to ensure reliable and efficient connectivity for IoT devices, which is essential for adequately functioning business processes. This insight can be helpful for businesses that rely on these technologies to improve their productivity, reduce downtime, and enhance customer satisfaction. We also highlight the potential of the convergence of networks and services in increasing the availability and speed of access to the internet, enabling a range of new and innovative applications and services.

/pdf/utilization-of-5g-technologies-in-iot-applications-current-3tg5p0gr.pdf

Utilization of 5G Technologies in IoT Applications: Current Limitations by Interference and Network Optimization Difficulties—A Review

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) has become widely popular in the past decade as it has huge prospects for the economy due to its applicability in various use cases such as environmental monitoring, disaster management, localization, defense, underwater exploration, and so on. However, each of these use cases poses specific challenges with respect to security, privacy, transparency, and traceability, which can be addressed by the integration of blockchain with the IoUT. Blockchain is a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) that consists of series of blocks chained up in chronological order in a distributed network. In this paper, we present a first-of-its-kind survey on the integration of blockchain with the IoUT. This paper initially discusses the blockchain technology and the IoUT and points out the benefits of integrating blockchain technology with IoUT systems. An overview of various applications, the respective challenges, and the possible future directions of blockchain-enabled IoUT systems is also presented in this survey, and finally, the work sheds light on the critical aspects of IoUT systems and will enable researchers to address the challenges using blockchain technology.

/pdf/blockchain-for-internet-of-underwater-things-state-of-the-3aripntk.pdf

Blockchain for Internet of Underwater Things: State-of-the-Art, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a novel nano-electronic technology. QCA has attracted wide attention due to its extremely small feature sizes at the molecular or even atomic scale and ultra-low power consumption, making it a promising candidate to replace the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) adders are widely used in industrial computing. In this paper, we propose two types of excess-3 code (XS-3) based BCD adders (XS-3DAs). We use ripple-carry adders (RCA) and parallel binary adders (PBA) to construct XS-3DAs in QCA Designer tool, respectively. The PBA-based XS-3DA is constructed with a new correction logic. 4-bit, 8-bit, and 16-bit XS-3DAs are constructed based on the two proposed XS-3DAs, respectively. Comparisons show that, with the increase of design scaling, the delay and area-delay product (ADP) of the PBA-based XS-3DAs can be significantly reduced in comparison with that of the RCA-based XS-3DAs. Compared with the 16-digit RCA-based XS-3DA, the cell count, area, delay and ADP of the proposed 16-digit PBA-based XS-3DA are reduced by 37.88%, 25.99%, 37.68% and 53.88%, respectively. 

Designs of BCD Adder Based on Excess-3 Code in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata

Node Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks using a Hyper-Heuristic DEEC-Gaussian Gradient Distance Algorithm

A novel QCA circuit-switched network with power dissipation analysis for nano communication applications

Secured mobile IOT ecosystem using Enhanced Multi-level Intelligent Trust Scheme

Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a rapidly developing nanotechnology that offersultra-low energy loss, increased speed, and incredibly tiny area requirements. The two most important building blocks of QCA nano computing are the multiplexer and demultiplexer. The performance of new 2:1 multiplexer and 1:2 demultiplexer QCA layouts was investigated in this study. For a better performance study, two methodologies were used to measure energy loss, and alternative cost functions were explored. Total energy losses of 14.30 meV and 7.37 meV for the proposed multiplexer and demultiplexer, respectively, were detected using the software QDADesigner-E (QDE) in the Coherence vector simulation mode applying the Runge Kutta approximation technique. According to QCAPro, at the tunneling level 0.5EK and temperature 2K, the total energy loss of the multiplexer and the demultiplexer is 35.60 meV and 37.19 meV, respectively. Cost functions for both experimental items were also calculated in three different methods.

Towards the Design and Analysis of Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata for Nano Systems

Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a promising paradigm after CMOS technology due to low power consumption and small area requirements. As the counter is the most important and fundamental component of the QCA sequential logic family, therefore current effort has been made to design and analysis a dual‐mode counter. The reported dual‐mode nano counter can be operated as a Ring counter (R‐counter) as well as it can be operated as a Twisted‐ring counter (T‐counter). To achieve this, two inverters, four majority voters, and four D flip‐flops have been fully utilized. The main advantage of this design is that a single nano‐counter circuit can perform both tasks of R‐counter and T‐counter, which therefore eliminates the design constraint of double QCA layouts. In addition to that, the proposed 4‐bit QCA layout is easily expandable to n‐bit as per needs. With compared to the best‐reported design, the proposed dual‐mode counter has 75% and 29% less delay and cell count respectively. The area‐delay cost, QCA‐specific cost, and energy‐delay cost of the proposed circuit are approximately 13 times, 228 times, and 61 times superior to the previously reported best design. The designs were verified using the popular QCA layout design software QCADesigner 2.0.3. Simultaneously, two energy estimate tools, QCAPro and QCADesigner‐E (QDE), were utilized to investigate the circuits' energy dissipation.

Efficient design of dual‐mode nano counter: An approach using quantum dot cellular automata

Exploiting perturbed and coalescent anchor node geometry with semidefinite relaxation for sensor network localization

Lebesgue Measures Based Power Control Annealing in 5G D2D Networks Under QoS Constraints for IoT Applications

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