다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

General Topology-I

A modelforalarge network of"neurons" withagraded response (orsigmoid input-output relation) is studied. Thisdeterministic system hascollective properties in veryclose correspondence withtheearlier stochastic model based onMcCulloch-Pitts neurons. Thecontent-addressable memoryandother emergent collective properties oftheorigi- nalmodelalso arepresent inthegraded response model. The idea that suchcollective properties areusedinbiological sys- temsisgiven addedcredence bythecontinued presence ofsuch properties formorenearly biological "neurons." Collective analog electrical circuits ofthekinddescribed will certainly function. Thecollective states ofthetwomodels haveasimple correspondence. Theoriginal modelwill continue tobeuseful forsimulations, because its connection tograded response sys- temsisestablished. Equations that include theeffect ofaction potentials inthegraded response system arealsodeveloped. Recent papers (1-3) haveexplored theability ofasystem of highly interconnected "neurons" tohaveuseful collective computational properties. Theseproperties emergesponta- neously inasystem having alarge numberofelementary "neurons." Content-addressable memory(CAM)isoneof thesimplest collective properties ofsucha system. The mathematical modeling hasbeenbasedon"neurons" that aredifferent bothfromreal biological neurons andfromthe realistic functioning ofsimple electronic circuits. Someof these differences aremajor enough thatneurobiologists and circuit engineers alike havequestioned whether real neural orelectrical circuits wouldactually exhibit thekindofbe- haviors foundinthemodelsystem evenifthe"neurons" wereconnected inthefashion envisioned. Twomajor divergences between themodelandbiological orphysical systems stand out.Realneurons (andreal physi- caldevices suchasoperational amplifiers that might mimic them) havecontinuous input-output relations. (Action po- tentials areomitted until Discussion.) Theoriginal modeling usedtwo-state McCulloch-Pitts (4)threshold devices having outputs of0or1only. Realneurons andreal physical circuits haveintegrative timedelays duetocapacitance, andthetime evolution ofthestate ofsuchsystems should berepresented byadifferential equation (perhaps withaddednoise). The original modeling usedastochastic algorithm involving sud- den0-1or1-0changes ofstates ofneurons atrandom times. Thispaper showsthat theimportant properties oftheorigi- nalmodelremain intact whenthese twosimplifications of themodeling areeliminated. Although itisuncertain wheth- ertheproperties ofthese newcontinuous "neurons" areyet close enough totheessential properties ofrealneurons (and/or their dendritic arborization) tobedirectly applicable toneurobiology, amajor conceptual obstacle hasbeenelimi- nated. Itiscertain that aCAM constructed onthebasic ideas

Neurons withgraded response havecollective computational properties likethoseoftwo-state neurons

Naive Set Theory. By P.R. Halmos. Pp. 104. 26s. 6d. 1960. (D. Van Nostrand Co. Ltd.) - Axiomatic Set Theory. By P. Suppes. Pp. 265. 45s. 1960. (D. Van Nostrand Co. Ltd.)

Neutrosophic set, initiated by Smarandache, is a novel tool to deal with vagueness considering the truth-membership T, indeterminacy-membership I and falsity-membership F satisfying the condition $$0\le T+I+F\le 3$$. It can be used to characterize the uncertain information more sufficiently and accurately than intuitionistic fuzzy set. Neutrosophic set has attracted great attention of many scholars that have been extended to new types and these extensions have been used in many areas such as aggregation operators, decision making, image processing, information measures, graph and algebraic structures. Because of such a growth, we present an overview on neutrosophic set with the aim of offering a clear perspective on the different concepts, tools and trends related to their extensions. A total of 137 neutrosophic set publication records from Web of Science are analyzed. Many interesting results with regard to the annual trends, the top players in terms of country level as well as institutional level, the publishing journals, the highly cited papers, and the research landscape are yielded and explained in-depth. The results indicate that some developing economics (such as China, India, Turkey) are quite active in neutrosophic set research. Moreover, the co-authorship analysis of the country and institution, the co-citation analysis of the journal, reference and author, and the co-occurrence analysis of the keywords are presented by VOSviewer software.

A bibliometric analysis of neutrosophic set: two decades review from 1998 to 2017

This paper is devoted to the study of some structural properties of bounded and involutory BE{algebras and investigate the relationship between them. We construct a commutative monoid by def- inition of proper operation in an involutory BE{algebra. Some rules of calculus forBE{algebras with a semi-lattice structure are provided. Many results related to the natural order of a BE{algebras were found. Finally, we show that an involutory bounded BE{algebra X is semi-simple.

/pdf/j-o-u-r-n-a-l-of-mathematics-and-applications-mbapufe2hd.pdf

J o u r n a l of Mathematics and Applications

In this paper, by considering the notion of a ∧-closed set in BCK-algebras, we construct the fractions of BCK-algebras and prove some related results. Moreover, we study the notion of a BCK-module and prove that any BCK-algebra is a BCK-module on itself. Finally, we construct the fractions of BCK-modules.

Bck-algebras of fractions

Based on the concept of fuzzy points, the notion of a prominent fuzzy GE-filter is defined, and the various properties involved are investigated. The relationship between a fuzzy GE-filter and a prominent fuzzy GE-filter is discussed, and the characterization of a prominent fuzzy GE-filter is considered. The conditions under which a fuzzy GE-filter can be a prominent fuzzy GE-filter are explored, and conditions for the trivial fuzzy GE-filter to be a prominent fuzzy GE-filter are provided. The conditions under which the ∈t-set and Qt-set can be prominent GE-filters are explored. Finally, the extension property for the prominent fuzzy GE-filter is discussed.

The Prominentness of Fuzzy GE-Filters in GE-Algebras

In this paper, we introduce the notion of True-False sets or briefly TF-sets, as a generalization of fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets and vague sets and we investigate some related properties. By considering the concept of α-cuts, we state and prove decomposition theorem and representation theorem for TF-sets. Then we define the preference relations on TF-sets by using two matrices, true matrix and false matrix and investigate some related properties of Them. Finally, we solve a decision making problem by using preference TF-relations.

True-False Sets

In this paper, we introduce a new definition for nilpotent fuzzy subgroups, which is called good nilpotent fuzzy subgroup or briefly g-nilpotent fuzzy subgroup. Since this is similar to group theory's definition so it is much more easier than before to study on properties of nilpotent fuzzy groups. Basically, we show that a group G is nilpotent if and only if any fuzzy subgroups of G is a g-nilpotent fuzzy subgroup of G.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7383417/7391635/07391663.pdf

A new definition for nilpotent fuzzy subgroups

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