KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery

Vascular complications after splenectomy for hematologic disorders

The current work attempts to highlight the various life threatening complications of Meckel's diverticulum and to present the surgical strategies used in the emergency conditions so far in the form of a review of the works presented in the literature. Our aim behind this presentation is to cover the possible indications, methods, their complications and the outcome of these surgical techniques. For this, we made an extensive literature search using Google and Pubmed with the words-"Meckel's diverticulum", "Complications", "Management" and "Emergency surgery". All the relevant articles containing the surgical aspects of symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum till May 2008 were collected and analyzed. Meckel's diverticulum is the remains of the prenatal yolkstalk (Vitellointestinal duct). Although it generally remains silent but life threatening complications may arise making it an important structure for having a detailed knowledge of its anatomical and pathophysiological properties to deal with such complications.

/pdf/emergency-surgery-for-meckel-s-diverticulum-5evzvkgquy.pdf

Emergency surgery for Meckel's diverticulum.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system and is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to a state of oxidative stress which is a major risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. ROS are important for maintaining vascular health through their potent signalling properties. However, ROS also activate pro-atherogenic processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism. As such, considerable efforts have been made to identify and characterise sources of oxidative stress in blood vessels. Major enzymatic sources of vascular ROS include NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthases and mitochondrial electron transport chains. The production of ROS is balanced by ROS-scavenging antioxidant systems which may become dysfunctional in disease, contributing to oxidative stress. Changes in the expression and function of ROS sources and antioxidants have been observed in human atherosclerosis while in vitro and in vivo animal models have provided mechanistic insight into their functions. There is considerable interest in utilising antioxidant molecules to balance vascular oxidative stress, yet clinical trials are yet to demonstrate any atheroprotective effects of these molecules. Here we will review the contribution of ROS and oxidative stress to atherosclerosis and will discuss potential strategies to ameliorate these aspects of the disease.

/pdf/the-role-of-oxidative-stress-in-atherosclerosis-1a4fdl37.pdf

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis

Herniation of a ureter in an inguinal canal and scrotum is rare, and the general surgeon should be aware of this possibility to avoid injury to the ureter during hernial dissection. There are 2 types of inguinoscrotal herniation of a ureter: paraperitoneal (with a peritoneal hernial sac) and extraperitoneal (without a hernial sac).1 We report a case of the rarer form in which extraperitoneal herniation of the ureter in the left inguinal canal reached the upper pole of the testis and was misdiagnosed as a varicocele.

http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/52-2-E29.pdf

Inguinoscrotal extraperitoneal herniation of a ureter

in circulation for a longer period and in increased number

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajh.21110

Hemoglobin—E β thalassemia presenting with recurrent priapism—A rare complication

Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Urachus

Multinuclear ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of cancer cells, xenografts, human cancer tissue, and biofluids is a rapidly expanding field that is providing unique insights into cancer. Starting from the 1970s, the field has continued to evolve as a stand‐alone technology or as a complement to in vivo MRS to characterize the metabolome of cancer cells, cancer‐associated stromal cells, immune cells, tumors, biofluids and, more recently, changes in the metabolome of organs induced by cancers. Here, we review some of the insights into cancer obtained with ex vivo MRS and provide a perspective of future directions. Ex vivo MRS of cells and tumors provides opportunities to understand the role of metabolism in cancer immune surveillance and immunotherapy. With advances in computational capabilities, the integration of artificial intelligence to identify differences in multinuclear spectral patterns, especially in easily accessible biofluids, is providing exciting advances in detection and monitoring response to treatment. Metabolotheranostics to target cancers and to normalize metabolic changes in organs induced by cancers to prevent cancer‐induced morbidity are other areas of future development.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nbm.4724

Cancer insights from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cells and excised tumors

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