Urbanization, migration, and the challenges of resilience thinking in urban planning: Insights from two contrasting planning systems in Germany and Iran

Dans cet article, nous confrontons deux bases de donnees, l’une portant sur la mobilite dans 34 villes europeennes et l’autre donnant une grille fine (au pas de 200 metres) de densite de population pour ces memes villes. Dans la perspective d’un developpement urbain soutenable, nous mettons en evidence la complementarite d’indicateurs urbains classiques (PIB par habitant, densite de population) et d’indicateurs morphologiques plus fins (entropie, pente de la loi rang-taille) pour expliquer les differences inter urbaines de sept indicateurs de mobilite quotidienne, mettant en particulier l’accent sur la consommation d’energie par personne due aux transports (en 2001).

Consommation d’énergie et mobilité quotidienne selon la configuration des densités dans 34 villes européennes.

Les dynamiques urbaines consecutives a la baisse sur le temps long des couts de transport conduisent a l'emergence de regions metropolitaines a l'urbanisation etalee, diffuse, polycentrique. Les enjeux actuels du developpement soutenable soulevent des questionnements sur l'amenagement des metropoles europeennes, qui melent de multiples objectifs environnementaux, economiques et sociaux, a differentes echelles geographiques. Au travers de la construction d'indicateurs quantifiant les formes d'usage du sol, a plusieurs niveaux (communes francaises, bassins d'emplois, aires fonctionnelles, regions metropolitaines), des liens complexes sont mis en evidence entre types d'urbanisation, pratiques de mobilite quotidienne, et attributs de soutenabilite, co-produits sur le temps long par des choix de multiples acteurs urbains. Plusieurs bases de donnees sont mobilisees a cet effet : UITP, Audit Urbain, donnees nationales et regionales de France et d'Allemagne, ainsi qu'une base de donnees de densite de population, a une echelle geographique fine pour l'ensemble du continent europeen (Agence Europeenne de l'Environnement). En particulier, l'analyse des liens entre polycentrisme et consommation d'energie due aux transport, en Ile-de-France et dans la region Rhin-Ruhr, conduit a des resultats nuances, dans lesquels le cout de transport et la mutualisation des ressources energetiques via des infrastructures de transport collectif performantes jouent un role important, au cœur des liens entre echelles spatiales de fonctionnement. L'amenagement de metropoles europeennes soutenables passe sans doute par la comprehension des specificites historiques de chaque territoire, et des multiples equilibres possibles entre villes, transport et environnement

Approche multiscalaire des liens entre mobilité quotidienne, morphologie et soutenabilité des métropoles européennes. Cas de Paris et de la région Rhin-Ruhr

Knapp W. and Schmitt P. Discourse on ‘metropolitan driving forces’ and ‘uneven development’: Germany and the RhineRuhr conurbation, Regional Studies. This paper provides a contribution to the debate on re-scaling and uneven development from the point of view of the governance of spatial development. Its main purpose is not to advance new theoretical perspectives on ‘re-scaling’ and ‘uneven development’, but rather to reflect on those notions in the context of the actual reworking of territorial space in Germany, and the attempts to establish a regime of metropolitan regions as ‘driving forces’ of growth and international competitiveness. The paper examines Germany's inherited and newly emerging polycentric landscape of metropolitan regions, and the distinct division of metropolitan functions that have developed among them. More specifically, it discusses the re-scaling process within Germany's biggest conurbation, RhineRuhr, and the obvious difficulties faced in creating metropolitan governance structures...

/pdf/discourse-on-metropolitan-driving-forces-and-uneven-4copv1vlqi.pdf

Discourse on ‘Metropolitan Driving Forces’ and ‘Uneven Development’: Germany and the RhineRuhr Conurbation - RETRACTED

Leitfrage der Abhandlung ist, ob und wie Metropolregionen das Spannungsverhaltnis zwischen territorial orientierten und funktional orientierten Governance-Regimen losen konnen, wenn sie verstarkt auf die Entwicklungsfigur der „Wissensregion” setzen. Diskutiert wird, was Metropolregionen ausmacht, welche Anforderungen an sie durch die Funktion „Wissensregion” gestellt werden, welche Konflikte zwischen territorialen und funktionalen Governance-Regimen auftreten konnen und wie sie in den deutschen Metropolregionen zurzeit offenbar gelost werden.

Metropolregionen, Wissensregion und Governance

RhineRuhr: Towards Compatibility? Strategic Spatial Policies for a Specific Configuration of Polycentricity

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RhineRuhr: Towards Compatibility? Strategic Spatial Policies for a Specific Configuration of Polycentricity