The persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) extends from the internal carotid artery to the basilar artery between the origins of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and superior cerebellar artery. PPTAs have complex anatomical characteristics. Salas and Saltzman classifications are most often used in PPTAs. The PPTA can play many roles in vascular lesions, including intracranial aneurysms, brain arteriovenous malformations, trigeminal artery-cavernous fistulas, Moyamoya disease, and large vessel occlusion. For these lesions, surgical treatment is difficult due to the deep location and complex anatomy of the PPTA, but endovascular treatment (EVT) has emerged as a good alternative. Currently, a complete review of the clinical importance of the PPTA in terms of its role in the development and EVT of vascular lesions is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a PubMed search, performed a review of the relevant extracted literature and cataloged our experience with PPTAs. By review, we found that a thorough understanding of the anatomical and angiographic features of this PPTA is of utmost importance when making therapeutic decisions for any of these pathological conditions.

/pdf/clinical-importance-of-the-persistent-primitive-trigeminal-3s0ii7y7.pdf

Clinical Importance of the Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery in Vascular Lesions and Its Role in Endovascular Treatment

A male in his early teens presented with redness of the right eye following a fall. This redness was progressive and increased suddenly over the week prior to presentation. Fundus evaluation revealed an exudative retinal detachment, and a bruit was audible over the right eye. A digital subtraction angiogram revealed the cause to be a ruptured persistent trigeminal artery aneurysm causing a carotid-cavernous fistula like haemodynamic situation with a massively dilated superior ophthalmic vein. Curative embolisation was done using both vertebrobasilar and carotid approach, and the aneurysm as well as the fistula was occluded using detachable coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue. Patient made a complete recovery in his proptosis and chemosis over 8 weeks, with significant improvement of his visual acuity. The key to successful outcome in this case was a complete occlusion with thrombosis of the fistula bed that can only be achieved using a combination of coils and liquid embolic agents.

Successful closure of trigemino-cavernous fistula with minimally invasive approach

711 A 25‐year‐old male presented with sudden onset right hemiparesis. He did not have any vascular risk factors or any family history of stroke. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed a left‐sided gangliocapsular hemorrhage [Figure 1]. Cerebral three‐dimensional (3D) rotational angiography showed an aneurysm (2.9 × 3.3 mm2) in the distal part of the lateral lenticulostriate branch of the left middle cerebral artery [Figure 2]. As the patient did not give consent, we decided to follow up. We treated him with tranexamic acid 1 g/day and performed another angiography after 2 weeks, which showed aneurysm growth (3 .7 × 4 .6 mm 2) [F igure 3 ] . The patient gave consent for embolization after 5 days, but a repeat cerebral angiography showed spontaneous resolution of the aneurysm, possibly because of thrombosis [Figure 4]. Lenticulostriate artery (LSA) aneurysms distal to origin from the middle cerebral artery are relatively uncommon, and only 112 cases were described in the literature up to date.[1] LSAs being end arteries supply the basal ganglia and internal capsule and are prone to rupture. Aneurysms arising from LSAs may be saccular or fusiform and may present commonly with intra‐parenchymal bleed, although sub‐arachnoid and intra‐ventricular hemorrhage have been sparsely reported.[2] Hemodynamic forces coupled with structural factors are thought to play important roles in their development. Systemic hypertension and other vascular abnormalities such as aneurysms in other vascular territories, arteriovenous malformation, Moyamoya disease, and vasculitis predispose to the formation of these aneurysms.[3] In non‐hypertensive young patients with deep intra‐cerebral hemorrhage, LSA aneurysms should be ruled out and structural abnormalities should not be dismissed even in the presence of hypertension in elderly patients.[4] These aneurysms may remain undetected on initial angiograms because of their deep‐seated location and small size. Both surgical and endovascular management Spontaneous Resolution of a Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm

Spontaneous Resolution of a Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Rahul Kumar

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Successful closure of trigemino-cavernous fistula with minimally invasive approach

Spontaneous Resolution of a Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm