Colloidal nanocrystals are nanometer-sized, solution-grown inorganic particles stabilized by a layer of surfactants attached to their surface. The inorganic cores exhibit useful properties controlled by composition as well as size and shape, while the surfactant coating ensures that these structures are easy to fabricate and process. It is this combination of features that makes colloidal nanocrystals attractive and promising building blocks for advanced materials and devices. But their full potential can only be exploited if we achieve exquisite control over their composition, size, shape, crystal structure and surface properties. Here we review what is known about nanocrystal growth and outline strategies for controlling it.

Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface

Unravelling an amine-regulated crystallization crossover to prove single/multicore effects on the biomedical and environmental catalytic activity of magnetic iron oxide colloids.

The increasing use of magnetic nanoparticles as heating agents in biomedicine is driven by their proven utility in hyperthermia therapeutic treatments and heat-triggered drug delivery methods. The growing demand of efficient and versatile nanoheaters has prompted the creation of novel types of magnetic nanoparticle systems exploiting the magnetic interaction (exchange or dipolar in nature) between two or more constituent magnetic elements (magnetic phases, primary nanoparticles) to enhance and tune the heating power. This process occurred in parallel with the progress in the methods for the chemical synthesis of nanostructures and in the comprehension of magnetic phenomena at the nanoscale. Therefore, complex magnetic architectures have been realized that we classify as: (a) core/shell nanoparticles; (b) multicore nanoparticles; (c) linear aggregates; (d) hybrid systems; (e) mixed nanoparticle systems. After a general introduction to the magnetic heating phenomenology, we illustrate the different classes of nanoparticle systems and the strategic novelty they represent. We review some of the research works that have significantly contributed to clarify the relationship between the compositional and structural properties, as determined by the synthetic process, the magnetic properties and the heating mechanism.

Nanoparticles for Magnetic Heating: When Two (or More) Is Better Than One

Unravelling an amine-regulated crystallization crossover to prove single/multicore effects on the biomedical and environmental catalytic activity of magnetic iron oxide colloids

Development of Co3O4 nanomaterials on flexible carbon cloth substrates for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions

Monodispersed CoO crystals about 5 nm in size were prepared by forced hydrolysis of cobalt(II) acetate in diethyleneglycol (DEG). The adsorption of solvent molecules on these primary nanocrystals causes in situ oriented aggregation resulting in the precipitation of textured submicrometer-sized polycrystals. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry analysis and ab initio modelling were applied to elucidate the adsorption mechanism and the role of molecule-to-surface and molecule-to-molecule interactions in the growth mechanism of the polycrystals. We show that DEG moieties are mainly adsorbed at the top of the (100) surface cobalt atoms and that the process involves only one of the extreme oxygen atoms and not the whole molecule. As a consequence, adsorbed DEG exhibits an extended configuration which favours intermolecular hydrogen bonding from one covered nanocrystal to another. Interestingly, at high surface coverage, the energy required for DEG attachment to the crystal surface is 18.6 kJ mol−1 per molecule, while that required for hydrogen bonding between a bearing molecule and a neighbouring one is 36.4 kJ mol−1 per molecule. This means that the collective departure of a DEG assembly from the surface of CoO nanocrystals is thermodynamically easier, leading thus to the observed final morphology.

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Experimental and theoretical evidence for oriented aggregate crystal growth of CoO in a polyol

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Experimental and theoretical evidence for oriented aggregate crystal growth of CoO in a polyol