Effects of water stress on lavender and sage biomass production, essential oil composition and biocidal properties against Tetranychus urticae (Koch)

Kidney microscopy is a mainstay in studying the morphological structure, physiology and pathology of kidney tissues, as histology provides important results for a reliable diagnosis. A microscopy modality providing at same time high-resolution images and a wide field of view could be very useful for analyzing the whole architecture and the functioning of the renal tissue. Recently, Fourier Ptychography (FP) has been proofed to yield images of biology samples such as tissues and in vitro cells while providing high resolution and large field of view, thus making it a unique and attractive opportunity for histopathology. Moreover, FP offers tissue imaging with high contrast assuring visualization of small desirable features, although with a stain-free mode that avoids any chemical process in histopathology. Here we report an experimental measuring campaign for creating the first comprehensive and extensive collection of images of kidney tissues captured by this FP microscope. We show that FP microscopy unlocks a new opportunity for the physicians to observe and judge renal tissue slides through the novel FP quantitative phase-contrast microscopy. Phase-contrast images of kidney tissue are analyzed by comparing them with the corresponding renal images taken under a conventional bright-field microscope both for stained and unstained tissue samples of different thicknesses. In depth discussion on the advantages and limitations of this new stain-free microscopy modality is reported, showing its usefulness over the classical light microscopy and opening a potential route for using FP in clinical practice for histopathology of kidney.

/pdf/beyond-conventional-microscopy-observing-kidney-tissues-by-2irjygz3.pdf

Beyond conventional microscopy: Observing kidney tissues by means of fourier ptychography

Qualitative and quantitative composition of the ess ential oil is subject to different types of variability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect o f irrigation and harvest date on the content and composition of esse ntial oil distilled from leaves, petioles and leaf blades of Apium graveolens L. var. secalinum Alef. Drip irrigation was carried out twice in the third 10 days of July and twice in the third 10 days of August. A single dose of water was 20 mm. The raw material was harve sted on September 7 and October 17, thus collecting leaves after 120 and 161 days o f plant growth, respectively. Irrigation increased the concentration of volatile substances in leaf blades (0.68%) and decreased the content of these components in petioles (0.24%) . Celery leaves harvested in October contained significantly less essential oil (0.34%) compared to those collected in the first 10 days of September (0.53%). Monoterpenes proved t o be the main fraction in the essential oil of leaf celery, limonene and myrcene being predominant among them. Most limonene (75.77%) was found in petioles of irrigated pl ants. Leaves of irrigated plants contained more limonene and less myrcene compared to l eaves of non-irrigated plants. More myrcene and less limonene were determined in leaves harvested in September than in those harvested in October.

The chemical composition of the essential oil of leaf celery (Apium graveolens L. var. Secalinum Alef.) under the plants' irrigation and harvesting method.

In the current work, the biological potential of spearmint leaves essential oil (EO), including its antioxidant, antibacterial, and hemolytic properties, are described together with its chemical composition. The spearmint leaves were gathered in Punjab, Pakistan's hilly, dry, irrigated, and drought-stricken agroclimatic zones. From examined leaves from various locales, the hydro-distillation process produced an EO yield that ranged from 0.41% to 0.76%. In recovered EOs, GCMS compositional analysis identified 31 components, with carvone (27.4%–47.2%), menthone (1.0%–23.9%), menthol (3.0%–14.5%), limonene (2.4%–93%), and 1,8-cineol (0.6–8.5%) being the predominant constituents. The investigated oils displayed high levels of total phenolics (30.9–34.3 g GAE/100g), flavonoids (4.6–10.1 g CE/100g), and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (12.5–17.1 g mL−1) as well as linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition (57.1–62.6%). Against particular types of bacteria and fungus, the studied EO demonstrated considerable antibacterial activity (AMA). EO extracted from a sample of a location under drought stress (Layyah) shown greater AMA, while EO from hilly regions (Murree) displayed higher antioxidant potential, total phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF), and hemolytic activity (HA). This study recommends the use of spearmint leaves as an effective natural antioxidant and antibacterial ingredient in the development of nutra-pharmaceutical products and dietary supplements. 

Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves essential oil: Comparative compositional and biological attributes as a function of different agroclimatic regions

The essential oils were isolated from dried Pimpinella anisum L. seeds by Cleavenger aperture extraction, and fractions were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 51 components were detected in aniseed. The components were mainly 19 sesquiterpenes (37.25 % ), ten monoterpene (19.60%) , tow diterpene (3.92%) and one hemiterpene (1.96 %). The major components identified in the essential oil of Pimpinella anisum was trans-Anethole or Anisole (71.52 %) , benzocycloheptene (6.59 %),and Isoeugenyl acetate ( 4.63 %). In addition  44 components were present at less than 1%. Keywords: Pimpinella anisum , anise, essential oils, trans-Anethole, GC-MS.

/pdf/variation-in-essential-oil-content-and-composition-4tuh7vkmtu.pdf

Variation in Essential Oil Content and Composition (Pimpinella anisum L.)

To investigate the effects of drought stress on Anise, this experiment was conducted in 2012 at Shahrecord Junior college in Shahrecord, Iran.The experiment was conducted in split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were irrigation (at 6, 10 and 14 days). The sub plots were three Anise populations (Esfehan; Hamedan and Tehran). The measured traits were cholorophyll content(chl.a, chl.b and T.chl.), dry weight, umbel per plant, seed in umbel, 1000 seed weight, percentage essential oil of seed and seed yield. Mean comparison was conducted using LSD range test (at 1% level). The results showed that drought stress had significant effect on number of umbel per plant, dry weight, seed in umbel, percentage essential oil of seed and seed yield. Analysis of variance showed that drought stress significantly affected essential oil percentage. Mean comparison indicated that essential oil percentage was the highest in 14 days irrigation regime (2.93%) and was the lowest in 6 days irrigation regime (2.12%). Among populations Tehran seed yield, dry weight, umbel per plant, seed in umbel and 1000 seed weight had more reduction than the two other populations in drought conditions, whereas Hamedan was less affected.

Changes in Essential Oil Content and Yield Components of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) under Different Irrigation regimes

: Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an ideal method to non-invasively monitor cell populations and provide label-free imaging and analysis. QPI offers enhanced sample characteri-zation and cell counting compared to conventional label-free techniques. We demonstrate this in the current study through a comparison of cell counting data from digital phase contrast (DPC) imaging and from QPI using a system based on Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM). Our FPM system offers multi-well, parallel imaging and a QPI-specific cell segmentation method to establish automated and reliable cell counting. Three cell types were studied and FPM showed improvement in the ability to resolve fine details and thin cells, despite limitations of the FPM system incurred by imaging artifacts. Relative to manually counted fluorescence ground-truth, cell counting results after automated segmentation showed improved accuracy with QPI over DPC.

Cellular analysis using label-free parallel array microscopy with Fourier ptychography

In previous work, it was shown that a camera can theoretically be made more colorimetric its RGBs become more linearly related to XYZ tristimuli by placing a specially designed color filter in the optical path. While the prior art demonstrated the principle, the optimal color-correction filters were not actually manufactured. In this paper, we provide a novel way of creating the color filtering effect without making a physical filter: we modulate the spectrum of the light source by using a spectrally tunable lighting system to recast the prefiltering effect from a lighting perspective. According to our method, if we wish to measure color under a D65 light, we relight the scene with a modulated D65 spectrum where the light modulation mimics the effect of color prefiltering in the prior art. We call our optimally modulated light, the matched illumination. In the experiments, using synthetic and real measurements, we show that color measurement errors can be reduced by about 50% or more on simulated data and 25% or more on real images when the matched illumination is used.

Matched Illumination

: Photonics-based technologies are key players in a number of emerging applications in the terahertz (THz) field. These solutions exploit the well-known advantages of optical devices, such as ultra-wide tuneability and direct integration with fiber networks. However, THz receivers are mainly implemented by fully electronic solutions, where Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) are the preferred option as detectors and mixers due to their excellent response within the THz range at room temperature, and technological maturity. Here, we demonstrate an SBD-based subharmonic mixer (SHM) at 300 GHz pumped with a photonic local oscillator. The Schottky mixer is a prototype designed and manufactured by ACST GmbH , operating at 270-320 GHz. The local oscillator is generated by photomixing on a high-frequency and high-power uni-travelling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD), providing enough power to saturate conversion loss. Minimum single-side-band conversion loss of 14.4 dB and a peak dynamic range of 130 dB have been measured. Finally, as a proof of concept we realize an all-photonics-based 5 Gbps wireless bridge, utilizing the optically-pumped SBD mixer. With this work, we prove the feasibility of high-performance hybrid Schottky-photonic THz receivers, incorporating the best of both worlds.

Photonically-driven Schottky diode based 0.3 THz heterodyne receiver

: We present an approach for trapping cold atoms in a 2D optical trap array generated with a novel 4 𝑓 ﬁltering scheme and custom transmission mask without any active device. The approach can be used to generate arrays of bright or dark traps, or both simultaneously with a single wavelength for forming two-species traps. We demonstrate the design by creating a 2D array of 1225 dark trap sites, where single Cs atoms are loaded into regions of near-zero intensity in an approximately Gaussian proﬁle trap. Moreover, we demonstrate a simple solution to the problem of out-of-focus trapped atoms, which occurs due to the Talbot eﬀect in periodic optical lattices. Using a high power yet low cost spectrally and spatially broadband laser, out-of-focus interference is mitigated, leading to near perfect removal of Talbot plane traps.

A simple, passive design for large optical trap arrays for single atoms

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