Melanoma is a devastating disease frequently encountered within both veterinary and human medicine. Molecular changes linked with neoplastic transformation of melanocytes include mutations in genes that encode proteins intrinsic to the regulatory pathways of two tumor suppressor proteins (retinoblastoma protein and p53), proto-oncogene mutation to oncogenes, altered expression of epithelial cadherin and CD44 adhesion molecules, and upregulation of angiogenic factors and other growth factors. Histologic evaluation of the primary mass is the most common means of diagnosis, with cytology used more frequently to document metastasis. Melanoma's highly variable histologic and cytologic patterns can make diagnosis by either method problematic. Adherent epithelioid morphology, including signet ring forms, and nonadherent round and spindle forms are recognized, with pigmentation an inconsistent finding. The site of the tumor, the thickness of the primary tumor or depth of invasion, and the number of mitotic figures per high-power field or per millimeter are used histologically to predict biologic behavior, whereas site and degree of pleomorphism are typically used for cytologic preparations. Diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma can be aided by ancillary diagnostic techniques. Tumor cells are usually positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase, and Melan-A, and negative for cytokeratin. Melan-A as a positive marker is not as sensitive as the others are but is likely more specific. Monoclonal antibodies to human melanosome-specific antigens 1 and 5 cross-react with canine antigens for a combined sensitivity rate of 83%. Mouse monoclonal antibody IBF9 specifically recognizes canine melanoma antigen and also has good sensitivity. Serologic markers, including cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and melanoma-inhibitory activity, are being investigated as potential sentinels of melanoma. Currently, there is no single diagnostic technique capable of differentiating benign from malignant melanocytic neoplasms or predicting survival time.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1354/vp.39-6-651

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was founded in 1962 by research workers in the main cancer research institutes of the Common Market countries and Switzerland. This small group of cancer specialists comprising clinicians and basic science researchers decided to form an association to promote cancer research in Europe through the joint efforts of the clinical and basic research groups of several countries. Among them, were Henri TAGNON from Brussels (Belgium), Silvio GARATTINI, Director of the Institute for pharmacological Research in Milan (Italy), D. VAN BEKKUM, Director of the Radiobiological Institute TN0 at Rijswijk (Netherlands), K. BREUR, Director of the Amsterdam Cancer Institute (Netherlands), G. MATHE, D. SCHWARTZ, and M. TUBIANA from Villejuif (France). Initially the organization was called the “Groupe Europeen de Chimiotherapie anticancereuse” (GECA), 1 year later it became the EORTC and has been known all over the world under this appellation. G. MATHE was its first President from 1962 to 1965. The creation of the EORTC was immediately greeted both by the governments of the various EEC countries and by the medical and scientific circles. From the outset its two main goals were first to develop and coordinate clinical research in Europe and indeed it has organized several hundreds of cooperative multi-center controlled clinical trials and second to promote that area of basic research, which is closed, to providing significant results for diagnosis or therapy. During the past 25 years the EORTC has progressively become the largest organization for therapeutic cancer research in Europe. In 1972, the NC1 in Washington stated that its creation has been “the most important development in therapeutic research on cancer in Europe.” PRESENT STRUCTURES

The European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC)

Burn scar neoplasms: A literature review and statistical analysis

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a slow growing, low- to intermediate-grade dermal soft-tissue tumor. It has a high local recurrence rate but low metastatic potential. It is characterized by a uniform spindle cell arrangement, classically with a storiform pattern and CD34 immunoreactivity. The histomorphology and immunophenotype overlap with a broad range of other neoplasms. The standard treatment is complete surgical excision. The surgical procedures include wide local excision (WLE) with tumor free margins, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and amputation. Unresectable DFSPs are treated with radiation therapy and/or targeted therapy. DFSP has characteristic t(17; 22) (q22; q13), resulting in a COL1A1- PDGFB fusion transcripts in more than 90% of DFSPs. Molecular detection of the gene rearrangement or fusion transcripts is helpful for the diagnosis of patients with atypical morphology and for screening candidates for targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The aims of the present review are to update the clinical presentation, tumorigenesis and histopathology of DFSP and its variants for diagnosis and differential diagnosis from other benign and malignant tumors, to compare the advantages and drawbacks of WLE and MMS, to propose the baseline for selecting surgical procedure based on tumor's location, size, stage and relationship with surrounding soft tissue and bone structures, and to provide a biologic rationale for the systemic therapy. We further propose a modified clinical staging system of DFSP and a surveillance program for the patients after surgical excision.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1752/pdf

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment.

Fewer than 5% of ovarian malignancies are sex cord stromal tumors (SCST), the majority of which are granulosa-cell tumors. Other types include Sertoli-Leydig cell neoplasms and theca-cell tumors. SCST are found in younger women than are epithelial ovarian tumors, and they generally follow an indolent course. The investigators attempted to identify clinical and pathological prognostic factors affecting the outcome of SCST in 376 women with a median age of 51 years who presented with granulosa-cell tumors (n = 339) or Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (n = 37). More than two thirds of women (71%) had stage I, 10% stage II, 11% stage III, and 8% stage IV disease at the time of presentation. Advanced-grade disease was present in 39% of 106 women whose tumor grade was known. Overall 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival rates were 88% and 79%, respectively. Patients with early-stage (stage I-II) disease had survival rates of 95% at 5 years and 84% at 10 years. The corresponding figures for women having advanced-stage (stage III-IV) disease were 59% and 57% (P < 0.001). Women aged 50 years or less had a 5-year survival advantage over their older peers (93% versus 84%, P < 001). Patients with lower-grade tumors had better 5-year survival than those with grade 3 lesions (96% versus 64%, P < 0.001). Tumor size was not an important predictor of survival. The 134 women aged 50 or younger who had stage I disease had a 10-year survival rate of 94%. No survival difference was evident between women having standard or uterine-sparing surgery. On multivariate analysis, factors predicting better survival included younger age at diagnosis and early-stage disease. This series-the largest yet reported of women with SCST of the ovary-identifies relatively young age and early-stage disease at diagnosis as significant predictors of longer disease-specific survival. The findings also indicate that conservative surgery is a safe option for women with early-stage disease who wish to remain fertile.

Prognostic factors responsible for survival in sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary: An analysis of 376 women

Melanoma Arising in Burn Scars: Report of 3 Observations and a Literature Review

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare sarcoma of soft tissue representing about 1% of all tumors. In addition, DFSP occurs commonly on the trunk and extremities, and only a few cases of DFSP have been observed on the breast. In men, only 11 cases, including this case, have been reported. In this article, we present a case of left breast DFSP that occurred in a 44-year-old man. The physical examination revealed a left breast tender mass, which invaded the skin. The tumor was staged as T4b N0 M0. Mammography and sonography showed a suspect mass of the left breast. The biopsy and immunochemistry permitted the diagnosis of DFSP of the left breast. The patient had a left mammectomy, with free margins. He presents no evident sign of recurrence 7 months later.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2324709619875634

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Breast in Man: An Extremely Rare Entity With a Review of the Literature.

Pancreatic metastases are rare, accounting for 2%–3% of pancreatic tumors. The pancreas represents an unusual metastatic site of synovial sarcoma (SS) outside the usual localizations (regional node...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2036361320983691

The management of pancreatic metastasis from synovial sarcoma of the soft tissue: A case report.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare malignant neuroendocrine tumor more common in immunosuppressed old patients. It is characterized by a high frequency of local recurrence, regional nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, and low survival rate. The diagnosis of MCC is challenging due to its rarity and can be clinically mistaken for other skin cancer. We report a case of locally advanced MCC of the left groin with aggressive behavior that was finally controlled with a combined treatment and we collected data from the literature to discuss the appropriate therapeutic algorithm for the management of this uncommon skin tumor.

An Aggressive Presentation of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report:

Warty squamous cell carcinoma (WSCC), is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma that occurs mostly in younger women, but can occur in old women. It is due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/11795476211011206

Aggressive Behavior of Warty Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vagina Associated with Uterine Prolapsed: Unusual Report.

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