Objectives While there is strong evidence that regular participation in physical activity (PA) brings numerous health benefits to older adults, and interventions to effectively promote PA are being developed and tested, the characteristics and components of the most effective interventions remain unclear. This systematically conducted review of systematic reviews evaluated the effects and characteristics of PA promotion interventions aimed at community dwelling people over 50 years old. Methods Major databases were searched for reviews from January 1990 to May 2015. TIDieR guidelines aided data extraction and the ROBIS tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes were objective and self-reported levels of PA. Indicators of psychological wellbeing and participation rates were secondary outcomes. Results Of 1284 records identified, 19 reviews met inclusion criteria and eight included meta-analyses. Interventions typically incorporated behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and were delivered as face-to-face, remote, group, individual or as combined interventions. Despite their heterogeneity, interventions often resulted in sustained improvements in PA over the study period, typically at 12 months, and led to improvements in general wellbeing. However, ways to ensure effective maintenance beyond one year are unclear. Certain intervention components were more clearly associated with positive effects (e.g. tailoring promotion strategy with combination of cognitive and behavioural elements, low to moderate intensity activity recommended). We found no evidence that certain other intervention characteristics were superior in achieving positive outcomes (e.g. mode of delivery, setting, professional background of the intervention provider, type of PA recommended). Conclusion The evidence suggests that interventions to promote PA among older adults are generally effective but there is uncertainty around the most beneficial intervention components. There are indications that purely cognitive strategies and BCTs might be less suitable for older adults than motivators more meaningful to them, including social and environmental support, and enjoyment coming from being physically active. A whole system-oriented approach is required that is tailored to meet the needs of older adults and aligned with social, individual and environmental factors.

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Promotion of physical activity interventions for community dwelling older adults: A systematic review of reviews

In an effort to improve the quality of care for any population, technology is integrated into the healthcare system. Different types of technologies can aid in health promotion through prevention, education, and monitoring techniques. Prevention methods are becoming more common with older adults to assist with their activities of daily living as well as to support them in learning and remembering healthy behaviors. The willingness to adopt a new technology is key to successfully modifying behavior and what hinder the outcome are issues of competency as well as access.

Health Promotion Technology and the Aging Population.

In 2008, Japan introduced a metabolic syndrome screening and intervention program specifically targeting individuals aged 40 to 74 years of age. However, the consultation and follow-up rates for the intervention are still low. The present study aims to identify characteristics of health-related behavior of the people who neglect it. We conducted a group interview targeting public health nurses and qualified dieticians of "A" prefectural branch office of the Japan Health Insurance Association who were regularly involved in performing the intervention. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data, and four themes were extracted: Self-taught practices, Defiance, Hesitation, and Resignation. Our results suggest that the public health advisors recognize the importance of modification of clients' health-related misperception, improve their skills to develop a positive rapport with clients, and be involved in creating a supportive environment conducive to a healthy lifestyle.

Health-related behavior of the people who neglect the specific health guidance for metabolic syndrome control.

Physical activity (PA) intervention is one of the most effective interventions to promote cognitive function of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the level of PA remains low. Based on the two core interventions (X-CircuiT and health education), this study aimed to examine the effect of three implementation strategies (viz., role modeling, goal-setting, and reminding) on the PA level among older adults with MCI using the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST).Participants were randomized into one of eight conditions in a factorial design involving three factors with two levels: (i) role modeling (on vs. off); (ii) goal-setting (on vs. off); and (iii) reminding (on vs. off). The primary outcome was PA level at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were cognitive function, self-efficacy, and cost-effectiveness at 12 weeks. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed as the main analysis and the per-protocol (PP) analysis as the sensitivity analysis.A total of 107 participants were included and randomly assigned into three groups, each receiving different implementation strategies. The results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that the three implementation strategies, namely, reminding (B = 0.31, p < 0.01), role modeling (B = 0.21, p < 0.01), and goal-setting (B = 0.19, p < 0.01), could significantly improve PA level. Specifically, it was found that role modeling (B = 0.68, p = 0.03) could significantly improve cognitive function. There were no significant interactions among the three implementation strategies. Role modeling was the most cost-effective strategy, costing 93.41 RMB for one unit of PA.Role modeling was likely to be the best implementation strategy. The value-based and cost-effective PA intervention package could include the core intervention (X-CircuiT and health education) and implementation strategy (role modeling).https://www.chictr.org.cn, The study was retrospectively registered on 30 June 2022 (ChiCTR2200061693).

Optimizing the physical activity intervention for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a factorial randomized trial

This study aims to test the organ donation fear reduction mechanism proposed by Kong and Lee by inspecting the effect of incorporating worldview value into sympathy appeal organ donation messages emphasizing perceived similarity and the mediating role of medical trust of organ donation. A 3 (emotional appeal: similar sympathy vs. dissimilar sympathy vs. less-similar sympathy) × 2 (worldview value appeal: worldview value appeal present vs. worldview value absent) between subject online experiment was conducted. In this study, the perceived similarity was achieved via political ideology. Participants, who were identified as extremely either liberal or conservative, and paired with the protagonist who was either a lifelong democrat or republican, were considered either in a similar or dissimilar condition. When pairing protagonist with participants who were indifferent of the political ideology, those participants were considered in a less similar condition. The results (N = 692) showed that worldview value appeal message significantly improved the effect of less similar sympathy appeal message. The mortality salience of organ donation turned the perceived similarity and dissimilarity which is based on the same common belief into a worldview value proxy, which produced more positive attitude and behavior change toward a broader population. This study also found that medical trust of organ donation is the key driving force in attitude and behavior change. 

Overcoming the fear of death: incorporating worldview values into sympathy appeal organ donation messages with perceived similarity

Physical activity has many benefits for older adults; however, motivating older adults to engage in and maintain optimal levels of physical activity can be challenging for health care providers. A comprehensive literature review was performed to determine whether any evidence-based methods of delivery or particular content for targeted messaging exist that result in actual improvements in physical activity of older adults. Findings of the review demonstrate that messaging directed toward older adults to be physically active resulted in improvements in physical activity up to 1 year. Across studies many different modes of message delivery were shown to be effective. Message content, whether tailored or not, resulted in significant increases in physical activity. There is evidence to support the use of environmentally mediated messaging (i.e., local walking paths) for stronger results. Targeting the client's stage of change, having an activity partner if preferred, and scheduling physical activity also contribute to improved effects.

Using targeted messaging to increase physical activity in older adults: a review.

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Using targeted messaging to increase physical activity in older adults: a review.