I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Singular perturbation theory of traveling waves in excitable media (a review)

Pattern formation in excitable media

Self-assembled synthesis of hierarchical nanostructured CuO with various morphologies and their application as anodes for lithium ion batteries

A bifurcation leading to the onset of translational motion of localized particlelike structures (spots) in two-dimensional excitable media with long-range inhibition and global coupling is analytically and numerically investigated. Properties of slowly traveling spots and effects of collisions between these objects are studied.

Bifurcation to Traveling Spots in Reaction-Diffusion Systems

Periodic precipitation of sparingly soluble salts yields parallel Liesegang bands in 1D whose spacings obey either one of two known trends. The overwhelming trend is an increase in spacing as we move away from the junction, while some systems display a decrease in spacing as the bands get further away from the interface. The latter trend is much less common and is known as the revert spacing law. Whereas the direct (normal) spacing law is generally well-undertsood, the revert spacing trend has not been explicitly and distinctly elucidated. In this paper, we propose a mechanism of revert spacing governed by the adsorption of the diffusing CrO42− ions on the formed PbCrO4 Liesegang bands and carry out a set of experiments that support the suggested scenario. It is shown that this adsorption increases as the band number (n) increases in revert spacing systems, while it decreases as n increases in direct spacing systems. It is concluded that this correlation in opposite directions decisively reveals the role ...

Mechanism of revert spacing in a PbCrO4 Liesegang system.

The model of Muller and Polezhaev for periodic precipitation is applied to a salt system that can dissolve in excess diffusing electrolyte due to complex formation. A typical example is the Co(OH)2 Liesegang pattern from Co2+ and NH4OH, which propagates due to band formation ahead and band dissolution at the tail of the stratum (Co(OH)2 dissolves in excess ammonium hydroxide forming Co(NH3)62+). Diffusion profiles are constructed by plotting the computed distance of the last band (dlb) and that of the first band (dfb) versus time. The propagation is investigated under two main conditions:  at fixed concentration of the inner electrolyte (X0) while varying that of the outer electrolyte (Y0), and the reverse (i.e., at fixed Y0 while varying X0). While in the first case, the propagation is faster at higher Y0, the opposite trend is obtained when X0 is varied, exactly reproducing the experimental observations in the literature on Co(OH)2. A correlation close to linear is found between the dissolution and prec...

Front Propagation in Patterned Precipitation. 1. Simulation of a Migrating Co(OH)2 Liesegang Pattern

This paper presents a study of some features and characteristics of the Co2+/NH4OH Liesegang system. The pattern of parallel Co(OH)2 bands displays peculiar properties that are unique among other Liesegang systems. First, the process of dissolution of bands at the top of the pattern coupled to the formation of new ones at the bottom results in a propagating pattern that moves down the tube. Second, the total number of bands N varies erratically with time, unlike other Liesegang systems in which N increases monotonically with time. These random oscillations in the variable N are related to the dissolution/precipitation scenario. New experiments are designed to obtain a rigorous measurement of the total number of bands. Image analysis software (SigmaScan) is used to accurately determine N and the distance of the first band from the junction between the two solutions, based on a cutoff zero absorbance criterion. A time series for N is obtained by monitoring the pattern for 40 consecutive days. This time seri...

Propagating Fronts and Chaotic Dynamics in Co(OH)2 Liesegang Systems

Bifurcation of the Ostwald-Liesegang supersaturation-nucleation-depletion cycle *

Co(OH)2 Liesegang patterns from Co2+ and NH4OH in gelatin are studied in thin glass tubes. The experiments are performed in the limit of large initial concentration difference (Δ) between the interdiffusing electrolytes. Patterning trends are investigated as the initial concentration product σ = [Co2+ ]0[NH4OH is varied (we keep [NH4OH]0 constant and vary [Co2+]0 in the limit of large Δ). Time series of the total number of bands in the pattern show a random distribution apparently indicating the chaotic character of that variable. When the bands are counted in the bottom portion of the pattern (the last 4 cm measured from the last band), their number (denoted ν therein) decreases monotonically with time at all concentrations. The pattern thus regularizes itself in that region. The spacing between the bands is measured as a function of distance from the junction between the co-precipitate solutions, at different initial concentrations. The variation of spacing with distance is found to fit a quadratic equa...

Patterning Trends and Chaotic Behavior in Co2+/NH4OH Liesegang Systems

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