Abstract Thromboembolism is the third leading vascular disease, with a high annual incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1000 individuals within the general population. The broader term venous thromboembolism generally refers to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and/or a combination of both. Therefore, thromboembolism can affect both – the central and peripheral veins. Arterial thromboembolism causes systemic ischemia by disturbing blood flow and oxygen supply to organs, tissues, and cells causing, therefore, apoptosis and/or necrosis in the affected tissues. Currently applied antithrombotic drugs used, e.g. to protect affected individuals against ischemic stroke, demonstrate significant limitations. For example, platelet inhibitors possess only moderate efficacy. On the other hand, thrombolytics and anticoagulants significantly increase hemorrhage. Contextually, new approaches are extensively under consideration to develop next-generation antithrombotics with improved efficacy and more personalized and targeted application. To this end, phytochemicals show potent antithrombotic efficacy demonstrated in numerous in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in clinical evaluations conducted on healthy individuals and persons at high risk of thrombotic events, such as pregnant women (primary care), cancer, and COVID-19-affected patients (secondary and tertiary care). Here, we hypothesized that specific antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds might be of great clinical utility in primary, secondary, and tertiary care. To increase the efficacy, precise patient stratification based on predictive diagnostics is essential for targeted protection and treatments tailored to the person in the framework of 3P medicine. Contextually, this paper aims at critical review toward the involvement of specific classes of phytochemicals in antiplatelet and anticoagulation adapted to clinical needs. The paper exemplifies selected plant-derived drugs, plant extracts, and whole plant foods/herbs demonstrating their specific antithrombotic, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic activities relevant for primary, secondary, and tertiary care. One of the examples considered is antithrombotic and antiplatelet protection specifically relevant for COVID-19-affected patient groups. 

/pdf/antithrombotic-and-antiplatelet-effects-of-plant-derived-2vdbp2ol.pdf

Antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds: a great utility potential for primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the framework of 3P medicine

Variability of Antiplatelet Response in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background Peripheral artery disease is endemic in our globally aging population, with &gt;200 million affected worldwide. Graft/stent thrombosis after revascularization is common and frequently results in amputation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality. Optimizing medications to decrease thrombosis is of paramount importance; however, limited guidance exists on how to use and monitor antithrombotic therapy in this heterogeneous population. Thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG‐PM) provides comprehensive coagulation metrics and may be integral to the next stage of patient‐centered thrombophrophylaxis. This prospective study aimed to determine if TEG‐PM could predict subacute graft/stent thrombosis following lower extremity revascularization, and if objective cut point values could be established to identify those high‐risk patients. Methods and Results We conducted a single‐center prospective observational study of patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization. Patients were followed up for the composite end point postoperative graft/stent thrombosis at 1 year. TEG‐PM analysis of the time point before thrombosis in the event group was compared with the last postoperative visit in the nonevent group. Cox proportional hazards analysis examined the association of TEG‐PM metrics to thrombosis. Cut point analysis explored the predictive capacity of TEG‐PM metrics for those at high risk. A total of 162 patients were analyzed, of whom 30 (18.5%) experienced graft/stent thrombosis. Patients with thrombosis had significantly greater platelet aggregation (79.7±15.7 versus 58.5±26.4) and lower platelet inhibition (20.7±15.6% versus 41.1±26.6%) (all P &lt;0.01). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that for every 1% increase in platelet aggregation, the hazard of experiencing an event during the study period increased by 5% (hazard ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02–1.07]; P &lt;0.01). An optimal cut point of &gt;70.8% platelet aggregation and/or &lt;29.2% platelet inhibition identifies those at high risk of thrombosis with 87% sensitivity and 70% to 71% specificity. Conclusions Among patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization, increased platelet reactivity was predictive of subacute postoperative graft/stent thrombosis. On the basis of the cut points of &gt;70.8% platelet aggregation and &lt;29.2% platelet inhibition, consideration of an alternative or augmented antithrombotic regimen for high‐risk patients may decrease the risk of postoperative thrombotic events. 

Predicting Arterial Thrombotic Events Following Peripheral Revascularization Using Objective Viscoelastic Data

Ricochet of ak bullets (7.62 mm x 39 mm) on glazed ceramic tiles; an empirical study in support of shooting incident reconstructions

In this article, we present the design and validation of a non-contact scanning system for the development of a three-dimensional (3D) model of moist biological samples. Due to the irregular shapes and low stiffness of soft tissue samples, the use of a non-contact, reliable geometry scanning system with good accuracy and repeatability is required. We propose a reliable 3D scanning system consisting of a blue light profile sensor, stationary and rotating frames with stepper motors, gears and a five-phase stepping motor unit, single-axis robot, control system, and replaceable sample grips, which once mounted onto the sample, are used for both scanning and mechanical tests. The proposed system was validated by comparison of the cross-sectional areas calculated based on 3D models, digital caliper, and vision-based methods. Validation was done on regularly-shaped samples, a wooden twig, as well as tendon fascicle bundles. The 3D profiles were used for the development of the 3D computational model of the sample, including surface concavities. Our system allowed for 3D model development of samples with a relative error of less than 1.2% and high repeatability in approximately three minutes. This was crucial for the extraction of the mechanical properties and subsequent inverse analysis, enabling the calibration of complex material models.

A 3D Scanning System for Inverse Analysis of Moist Biological Samples: Design and Validation Using Tendon Fascicle Bundles

Angle of impact determination from bullet holes in a metal surface.

A comprehensive review on antithrombotic therapy for peripheral artery disease.

Structured light scanning is a noninvasive, accurate, and cost-effective 3D imaging technique, but due to reflection issues is yet to be utilized for tool mark analysis on fresh bone. During imaging, reflection from shiny surfaces, such as greasy bone, disrupts image formation. This study tested the David SLS-1 scanner's ability to image saw marks and explored six strategies to reduce reflection by [1] dulling the surface or [2] altering the projected light. The surface was dulled by freezing, talcum powder, dulling spray, or compressed air. The projected light was altered with a diffuser or limited to single pattern-coded. Results demonstrated that the resolution was insufficient for capturing minute details of striae. All six tests failed to reduce reflection sufficiently to produce complete images, but projecting vertical pattern-coded light showed the most promise. Future research is required concentrating on enhancing resolution and exploring the role of pattern-coded light in reducing reflection.

Resolving Reflection and Resolution in 3D Imaging of Fresh Bone.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Medical management of known modifiable risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, is a key aspect to its treatment. Unfortunately, there are substantial sex-based differences in the treatment of ASCVD that result in poor medical management and worse clinical outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize known disparities in the medical management of ASCVD in females. We included prior studies with specific sex- and sex-based analyses regarding the medical treatment of the following three major disease entities within ASCVD: cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. A total of 43 articles met inclusion criteria. In our analysis, we found that females were less likely to receive appropriate treatment of dyslipidemia or be prescribed antithrombotic medications. However, treatment differences for diabetes and hypertension by sex were not as clearly represented in the included studies. In addition to rectifying these disparities in the medical management of ASCVD, this systematic review highlights the need to address larger issues, such as underrepresentation of females in clinical trials, decreased access to care, and underdiagnosis of ASCVD to improve overall care for females. 

A systematic review of disparities in the medical management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in women

Maintenance and Salvage of Hemodialysis Access.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Rabbia Imran

Author Tools

Chat about Author