Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify correlation of spiritual well-being, social support, life satisfaction and depression in the community dwelling elderly, and to explore a possibility to apply the spiritual well-being, and social support as resources to promote welfare of the elderly. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from a convenience sample of 222 senior citizens, who visited social welfare centers in Gangwon-do from September to October, 2010. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: There were significant differences in spiritual well-being based on religion, satisfaction to religion, economic status, physical health, and life satisfaction. Social support was significantly different according to economic status, physical health, life satisfaction, and social gathering. The existential well-being, family support, and special support had a significant effect on life satisfaction, and demonstrated positive correlations with the well-being of the elderly. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being and social support have significant effects on depression and life satisfaction of senior citizens. Thus spiritual well-being and social support can be considered as important factors that improve the elderly`s quality of life.

Spiritual Well-Being, Social Support, Life Satisfaction and Depression in the Community Dwelling Elderly

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depression among community-dwelling older adults (young-old vs old-old) in Korea. Methods: Data on 11,250 older adults aged 65 or above, from the 2008 National Elderly Survey, were analyzed. Results: Prevalence rate for depression was greater in old-old people (47.2%) than young-old people (24.7%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, education, socioeconomic status (SES), living place, spouse, regular exercise, perceived health status, number of chronic disease, activity of daily living (ADL), instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), and cognitive function were significantly associated with depression in the young-old. However, in old-old people, education, SES, living status, religion, regular exercise, perceived health status, number of chronic disease, pain, ADL, IADL, and cognitive function were associated with depression. Conclusion: The findings indicate that there are age differences in prevalence and correlates of depression in older Koreans. Therefore, age differences should be considered in studying and developing interventions for depression in older adults.

https://synapse.koreamed.org/upload/SynapseData/PDFData/0199jkapmhn/jkapmhn-21-1.pdf

Prevalence and Correlates of Depression in Older Koreans: Comparison of Young-old and Old-old

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify its influencing factors of depression in middle aged women. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from 142 middle aged women by using self-reported questionnaire Korean version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Menopause-specific Quality of life (MENQOL), Korean Perceived Stress Scale-10 (KPSS-10), Multiple dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Perceived health status. Data were analyzed stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 19.0. Results: The mean score for depression was 17.45. There were difference of depression scores in marital satisfaction (F = 6.15, p= 0.001) and quality of sleep (F = 8.12, p≤ 0.001). There were difference of menopausal specific quality of life that were statistically significant in marital satisfaction (F = 5.40, p= 0.002) and quality of sleep (F = 4.20, p= 0.003). Depression was correlated with stress (r = 0.69, p< 0.001), social support (r = 0.52, p< 0.001), menopausal specific quality of life (r = 0.52, p< 0.001) and perceived health status (r = -0.44, p< 0.001). The factors related to depression were stress (β = 0.48, p< 0.001), social support (β = -0.25, p< 0.001), quality of life on menopause (β = 0.18, p< 0.001) which explained 56% of the variance reported in depression. Conclusions: The results indicate that these factors influencing depression should be considered when developing integrated intervention program to cope with depression in middle aged women.

/pdf/factors-influencing-depression-in-middle-aged-women-focused-49eecm3177.pdf

Factors Influencing Depression in Middle Aged Women: Focused on Quality of life on Menopause

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the factors which influence depressive symptoms in older people. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through questionnaires from 393 older people. Data analysis was done with SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: The prevalence of depression for elders was 14.8%. Living with family and level of education were significant factors related to depressive symptoms identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for several confounding factors, the factors related to depressive symptoms were number of chronic diseases, social support, frequency of social contact, sleep disturbance, and stress. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that there is a need to construct and implement an integrated preventive program for depression which deals with care for chronic disease, reduction of stress, increased connection with a community network for social support and management of sleep disturbances.

https://www.jkpmhn.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0199JKAPMHN/jkapmhn-22-107.pdf

Factors Influencing Depressive Symptoms in Community Dwelling Older People

The elderly are susceptible to depression, especially empty nesters. This study investigated the risk factors associated with depression in empty nesters. The participants were selected via multi-stage random cluster sampling. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The questionnaire surveyed demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, behaviors and lifestyles, negative life experiences, social support, self-care ability, etc. Chronic health conditions, such as being overweight/obese, smoking cessation, cancer, and chronic pain, as well as negative life experiences, such as the death of a loved one and financial loss, increased the risk of depression in empty nesters. In addition, the incapability of performing self-care also increased the risk of depression in empty nesters. The prevalence of depression in empty nesters was high. Being overweight/obese, cancer, chronic pain, smoking cessation, the death of a loved one, financial loss, and the incapability to deliver self-care were risk factors for depression in empty nesters. It is recommended that comprehensive measures be taken to enhance health interventions for this population, including encouraging a proper diet and physical activity for weight control, providing psychological counseling after negative life experiences, and teaching correct methods of smoking cessation.

/pdf/risk-factors-for-depression-in-empty-nesters-a-cross-2rcfh4jb4d.pdf

Risk Factors for Depression in Empty Nesters: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Coastal City of Zhejiang Province and China.

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between stress, social support and depression in the elderly. Method: The subjects were 283 elderly adults over 60 in Seoul. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling. The instruments used in this study are the ELSI de...

/pdf/the-relationship-of-stress-social-support-and-depression-in-otfy0ox6jz.pdf

[The relationship of stress, social support and depression in the elderly].

Objectives: The study was performed to compare the status of nutrition management with and without dietitian in residential facilities in order to provide basic data for high quality of nutrition management services across the country.Methods: Among long-term care facilities with claims of benefits, 747 samples were extracted through a proportionate stratified sampling method based on region, agents of foundation, types of food service, and facility size.Results: The subjects of the survey were dietitian, general managers, or facility directors. Nutrition evaluation, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring were performed by professional staff at the residential facilities with a dietitian. On the other hand, it was found that the rate of nutrition management performance was relatively low in residential facilities where no dietitian was assigned, and it was performed by non-professional personnel such as nurse aids and social workers.Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that developing strategies is required to reinforce the safe minimal standard of dietitians’ staffing levels for systematic nutrition management.

/pdf/a-comparison-of-status-of-nutrition-management-in-long-term-2gui4sz5.pdf

A Comparison of Status of Nutrition Management in Long-Term Care Facilities With and Without Dietitian

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the time of care services provided by nurses, nursing assistants, care workers, physical therapists, and social workers during a 24-hour-period and the volume of resource utilization for residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities.Methods: We measured the providers' service time supplied to 3,295 residents in 32 LTC facilities. The utilization of resources each service facility provided was analyzed considering the services’ difficulty levels and providers’ wages.Results: The higher the long-term care grade, the longer the provider's service time and the greater the resource utilization. This phenomenon did not appear in the cognitive assistant grader. The service hours provided for the cognitive assistant graders were longer than those in grades 4 and 5, and longer than in long-term care eligibility points about the classification system. Compared to the long-term care eligibility points, the used resource volumes of excretion support, managing behavioral symptoms, and indirect services increased in all grades but, the used resource volumes of nursing treatment time decreased.Conclusion: It is necessary to discuss measures to raise the grade in the cognitive assistance grader with mild dementia. Additional research on the cause of the decrease in nursing treatment time for residents in LTC facilities and measures to satisfy nursing needs is necessary.

/pdf/comparison-of-utilized-resource-volumes-by-grade-of-seniors-1ptl9umt.pdf

Comparison of Utilized Resource Volumes by Grade of Seniors in Long-Term Care Facilities

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the progress of transition from the non-graded to the approved for Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) and analyze the factors affecting becoming beneficiaries. Methods: This study was designed as a prospective cohort study. Study population was the non-graded for LTCI in 2018. We tracked and observed study population until December 2020 by using big data. Variables in the analysis consisted of the individual (socioeconomic characteristics, health status, medical service usage) and community-related (physical environment, local infrastructure, local older population, local social capacity, health policy) factors. Competing risks regression analysis was used to identify determinants of transition from the non-graded to beneficiaries for LTCI. Results: We analyzed 52,308 non-graded for LTC insurance. The average period of transition from the non-graded to beneficiaries was about 15.61 months, the cumulative transition rate for 6 months was 4.8%, and the cumulative transition rate for 36 months was 49.6%. The individual factors (higher age, female, low income, lower daily living ability, lower cognitive-behavioral score, dementia, low back pain, and lower medical expenses), as well as the community factors (rural areas) were determinants for the transition to beneficiaries. Conclusion: To prevent non-graded from being persons with LTC needs, we suggested that it is necessary to develop a policy that can establish an integrated community-based support system by selecting vulnerable groups such as rural residents and low-income groups. In addition, additional research is needed to evaluate the effect of preventive programs for the non-graded on maintaining and improving their health and functional status.

/pdf/progress-and-determinants-of-transition-from-non-graded-2uum4dwj.pdf

Progress and determinants of transition from non-graded older persons to being beneficiaries for long-term care insurance system: A longitudinal study

Objectives: The purpose of this study aimed to compare the status of food service provision by residential facilities’s food service operational type. Methods: Data were collected by fax or web-based surveying nutritionists or facility managers working in 731 residential facilities in Korea. Residential facilities were extracted through a proportionate stratified sampling method based on region, establishment entity, types of food service, and facility size. Data analysis was performed using SAS program. Results: Among long term care facilities, self-operational food service types were 74.6% and outsourced service types 25.6%. It was found that outsourced service types were mostly chosen by private and independent establishments facilities. In addition, it was found that there were differences in food service personnel (full-time cooks, part-time cooks, and food service quality management managers), physical environments (senior living dining and cooking place), meal-related expenses, and providing food and nutrients(planing menu, compliance of menu plan, diabetic diet provision, served within 2 hours, identifying resident opinions) for each food service operation method. Finally, It was found that there were no differences in nutritional management (evaluation of nutritional status, nutrition intervention, food and nutrition service, nutrition education, nutrition counseling, multidisciplinary nutrition management by food service operational type. Conclusions: It is suggested that regulatory reforms are needed to establish a continuous monitoring and evaluation system for the quality of food service and nutrition management services for each food service type. In addition, it is suggested that a study to analyze whether there are differences in meal satisfaction, nutritional status, functional status and health status of subjects food service operational type.

/pdf/comparison-of-food-service-provision-by-food-service-2gc4okqj.pdf

Comparison of Food Service Provision by Food Service Operational Types for Residential Facilities

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