Classification of papillomaviruses

DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 has been found closely associated with human genital cancer, supporting the concept that members of this virus group are key factors in the aetiology of genital cancer. HPV 18 DNA sequences were also detected in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. We have now analysed these cell lines, HeLa, C4-1 and 756, for the structural organization and transcription of the HPV 18 genome and we find that the HPV 18 DNA is integrated into the cellular genome and is amplified in HeLa and 756 cells. Almost the complete HPV 18 genome seems to be present in 756 cells, with the early region being disrupted into two portions in each integrated copy. In HeLa and C4-1 cells, a 2-3 kilobase (kb) segment of HPV 18-specific sequences is missing from the E2 to L2 region. HPV 18 sequences are specifically transcribed from the E6-E7-E1 region into poly(A)+ RNAs of 1.5-6.5 kb. Hybridization analysis of cDNA clones indicated that some of the transcripts are composed of HPV 18 and cellular sequences. In addition, poly(A)+ RNA hybridizing with HPV 16 DNA was found in two out of three cervical carcinoma biopsies.

Structure and transcription of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical carcinoma cells

DNA of a new papillomavirus type was cloned from a cervical carcinoma biopsy. Two EcoRI clones of 7.8 and 6.9 kb in length were obtained, the latter contained a 900-bp deletion. The BamHI fragments of both clones were used to characterize the DNA. It represents a distinct type of papillomavirus as determined by its size, its cross-hybridization with DNA of other papillomavirus types under conditions of low stringency only, the co-linear alignment of its genome with HPV 6 and HPV 16 prototypes and its occasional occurrence as oligomeric episomes. We tentatively propose to designate it as HPV 18. DNA hybridizing with HPV 18 under stringent conditions was detected in 9/36 cervical carcinomas from Africa and Brazil, in 2/13 cervical tumors from Germany and 1/10 penile carcinomas. Benign tumors (17 cervical dysplasias, 29 genital warts), eight carcinomata in situ and 15 biopsies of normal cervical tissue were devoid of detectable HPV 18 DNA. HPV 18-related DNA was found, however, in cells of the HeLa, KB and C4-1 lines all derived from cervical cancer. The state of the viral DNA was investigated in four cervical cancer biopsies. The data reveal that the DNA might be integrated into the host cell genome. One tumor provided evidence for head to tail tandem repeats some of which persisted as circular episomes.

/pdf/a-new-type-of-papillomavirus-dna-its-presence-in-genital-36984ac3l8.pdf

A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer.

Human papillomavirus type 16 DNA sequence

Heterogeneity of the human papillomavirus group.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the circular double-stranded DNA of the genital human papillomavirus type 6b (HPV6b) comprising 7902 bp was determined and compared with the DNA sequences of human papillomavirus type 1a (HPV1a) and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) All major open reading frames are located on one DNA strand only Their arrangement reveals that the genomic organization of HPV6b is similar to that of HPV1a and BPV1 The putative early region includes two large open reading frames E1 and E2 with marked amino acid sequence homologies to HPV1a and BPV1 which are flanked by several smaller frames The internal part of E2 completely overlaps with another open reading frame E4 The putative late region contains two large open reading frames L1 and L2 The L1 amino acid sequences are highly conserved among analyzed papillomavirus types By sequence comparison, potential promoter, splicing and polyadenylation signals can be localized in HPV6b DNA suggesting possible mechanisms of genital papillomavirus gene expression

DNA sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b.

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DNA sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b.