Dielectric-barrier discharges (silent discharges) are used on a large industrial scale. They combine the advantages of non-equilibrium plasma properties with the ease of atmospheric-pressure operation. A prominent feature is the simple scalability from small laboratory reactors to large industrial installations with megawatt input powers. Efficient and cost-effective all-solid-state power supplies are available. The preferred frequency range lies between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, the preferred pressure range between 10 kPa and 500 kPa. Industrial applications include ozone generation, pollution control, surface treatment, high power CO2 lasers, ultraviolet excimer lamps, excimer based mercury-free fluorescent lamps, and flat large-area plasma displays. Depending on the application and the operating conditions the discharge can have pronounced filamentary structure or fairly diffuse appearance. History, discharge physics, and plasma chemistry of dielectric-barrier discharges and their applications are discussed in detail.

https://www3.nd.edu/~sst/teaching/AME60637/reading/2003_PCPP_Kogelschatz_dbd_review.pdf

Dielectric-barrier Discharges: Their History, Discharge Physics, and Industrial Applications

A relaxation study of an electron group in collision dominated weakly ionized plasmas has been performed. The study is based on the two-term approximation of the Legendre polynomial expansion of the electron velocity distribution in the nonstationary Boltzmann equation. To overcome the limitation of the conventional quasi-stationary treatment of the distribution anisotropy, a very efficient solution approach of the nonstationary kinetic equation in two-term approximation has been developed which allows for a strict nonstationary treatment of the distribution anisotropy. By using this approach the temporal evolution of the isotropic and anisotropic distribution of the electrons has been investigated for a model plasma, which involves typical features of an inert gas plasma. A comparison of the results with corresponding ones obtained by applying the conventional approach under various parameter conditions clearly indicates a pronounced falsification of the real relaxation course by the latter approach.

Nonstationary and Quasi-stationary Treatment of Distribution Anisotropy in the Temporal Relaxation of an Energetic Electron Group

Comparisons have been made between Boltzmann and rigorous Monte Carlo calculations of the time-dependent velocity distribution function of electrons in a d.c. electric field in a gas to assess the limits of conventional approximations

Monte carlo and Boltzmann calculations of the time-dependent velocity distribution of electrons in an electric field in a gas

Teoria del trasporto elettronico in gas: processi di rilassamento

It is shown how the general analytical expression of an autoregression, whose stationary solution has an arbitrary given form, can be obtained. The central-limit theorem is used to state a correspondence between autoregression and relevant diffusion equation which not only permits to give analytical form to the stationary distribution of a given autoregression, but also to obtain appropriate series expansions of its fundamental solution and the exact relaxation constants. The interest of the analysis in the context of Monte Carlo simulations of relaxation and steady-state processes is discussed. The procedure is illustrated by two examples of interest in the field of ionized gases.

A study of non-linear autoregressive processes: Differential theory

The impact of individual collision processes on the relaxation of the velocity distribution function of a group of electrons, initially localized in a narrow region at relatively high energies, has been studied. By having recourse to solutions of the non-stationary Boltzmann equation and to corresponding Monte-Carlo simulations, the temporal behaviour of electrons in CO2 plasmas, both in the absence and the presence of an external dc field, has been investigated. A microphysical interpretation of observed relaxation phenomena, based on the data relevant to the individual collision processes, is also given.

On the relaxation of energetic electrons in plasmas

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On the relaxation of energetic electrons in plasmas