A CPL (capillary pumped loop) system/subsystem design procedure is presented together with a weight estimate model. Numerical results of CPL preliminary design analysis are plotted in the figures against the heat load with parameters of interest. Nonlinear equations governing the heat transport/ transfer in a CPL are introduced as a theoretical basis in constructing a solution scheme of the CPL off-design operations problem. The solution scheme is then developed into an algorithm used in the accumulator pressure regulation method, devised for the vapor temperature control. Several figures are inserted to graphically show numerical solutions of that problem and also to demonstrate practicability of that method. Another method employing a controlled VCHP (variable conductance heat pipe) radiator is newly proposed with a view to improving temperature controllability of the CPL. Transfer functions of the VCHP radiator are expressed in analytical form to yiled the proportional gain and the setpoint ratio, used in the reservoir temperature feedback/feedforward control. The gains and the ratios, given as demonstrative examples, are also illustrated with figures. * Director, Systems Engineering Department, Member AIAA Copyright(c)1996 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. P Nomenclature A area [m ] C heat capacitance [J/K] specific heat at constant pressure [J/kg-K] D diameter [m] e error [—] F condensation heat transfer coefficient multiplier [—] / Fanning friction factor [—] or margin factor [—] G transfer function [—] 2 G mass velocity [kg/m *s] g gravitational acceleration [m/s ] g" earth's gravity, 9.80665m/s g defining coefficient [—] or gain [—] H height [m] 2 h heat transfer coefficient [W/m *K] K thermal conductance [W/K] k thermal conductivity [W/m-K] L length [m] £ dimensionless length [—] M weight (mass) [kg] m specific weight (mass per length) [kg/m] m mass flow rate [kg/s] N number [—] Nu Nusselt number [—] n integer [—] p pressure [Pa] Q heat load [W] q heat load ratio [—J q heat absorption/rejection density [W/m] Re Reynolds number [—] z» transport to transfer ratio [m's/kg] s Laplace parameter [—] T temperature [K] t_ time [ s ] t orbital period [s] U overall heat transfer coefficient [W/m-K] M unit step function [—], either 0 or 1 o V volume [m ], usually expressed in L W width [m] X Laplace image of independent variable J Laplace image of dependent variable [—] Greek letters a void fraction [—] A difference, used as AT or Ap 6 thickness [m] e infrared emittance [—] £ temperature ratio [—] r\ effectiveness/activeness [—] 6 dimensionless temperature [—] K heat transfer length/area ratio [—] A latent heat of vaporization [J/kg] y dynamic viscosity [Pa-s] V sunlit factor [—] £ mass flow rate ratio [—] 3 p mass density [kg/m ] a surface tension [N/m] cf Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 5.6678-10~W/m-K 4> two-phase friction factor multiplier X quality (dryness fraction) [—] to fin conduction parameter [—]

Methods and analysis for capillary pumped loop pressure/temperature control

Etude expérimentale du fonctionnement au sol d'une boucle diphasique à ammoniac en vue d'une régulation thermique en milieu spatial

Two-Phase Capillary-Pumped Loop: A Potential Heat Transport System

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Two-Phase Capillary-Pumped Loop: A Potential Heat Transport System