The importance of social behaviour for goat welfare in livestock farming

It has been established that the synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is temperature-dependent. The Hsp70 response is considered as a cellular thermometer in response to heat stress and other stimuli. The variation in Hsp70 gene expression has been positively correlated with thermotolerance in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, rodents and human. Goats have a wide range of ecological adaptability due to their anatomical and physiological characteristics; however, the productivity of the individual declines during thermal stress. The present study was carried out to analyze the expression of heat shock proteins in different tissues and to contrast heat stress phenotypes in response to chronic heat stress. The investigation has been carried out in Jamunapari, Barbari, Jakhrana and Sirohi goats. These breeds differ in size, coat colour and production performance. The heat stress assessment in goats was carried out at a temperature humidity index (THI) ranging from 85.36–89.80 over the period. Phenotyping for heat stress susceptibility was carried out by combining respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR). Based on the distribution of RR and HR over the breeds in the population, individual animals were recognized as heat stress-susceptible (HSS) and heat stress-tolerant (HST). Based on their physiological responses, the selected animals were slaughtered for tissue collection during peak heat stress periods. The tissue samples from different organs such as liver, spleen, heart, testis, brain and lungs were collected and stored at −70 °C for future use. Hsp70 concentrations were analyzed from tissue extract with ELISA. mRNA expression levels were evaluated using the SYBR green method. Kidney, liver and heart had 1.5–2.0-fold higher Hsp70 concentrations as compared to other organs in the tissue extracts. Similarly, the gene expression pattern of Hsp70 in different organs indicated that the liver, spleen, brain and kidney exhibited 5.94, 4.96, 5.29 and 2.63-fold higher expression than control. Liver and brain tissues showed the highest gene expression at mRNA levels as compared to kidney, spleen and heart. HST individuals had higher levels of mRNA level expression than HSS individuals in all breeds. The Sirohi breed showed the highest (6.3-fold) mRNA expression levels as compared to the other three breeds, indicating the better heat stress regulation activity in the breed.

Differential expression pattern of heat shock protein 70 gene in tissues and heat stress phenotypes in goats during peak heat stress period.

Breeding goats for meat production: 3. Selection and breeding strategies

The growth rate, milk yield, milk composition and reproductive efficiency of Jamunapari goats were studied under semi-intensive conditions. Animals were allowed to graze for 6-7 hours and concentrate (17% CP, 11 MJ/kg DM) at 400g/head/day was offered twice daily. No body measurement was different in male and female goats. The udder was capacious but pendulous. Testis length, breadth and scrotal circumference were 17.3 ± 1.5, 11.5 ± 1.7 and 42.4 ± 2.0 cm, respectively. The mean body weight at birth and at 12 months was 1.6 and 21.4 kg, respectively. The average growth rates of male and female kids were 59.4 and 48.2g/day, respectively. The overall rate of weight gain was highest in second month and lowest in 11th month. Highest milk yield was in second month and lowest in the fifth month after kidding. Lactation length was 135.4 ± 14.9 and 143.9 ± 13.2 days for does suckling one and two kids, respectively. Milk intake to growth ratio was 15.6 ± 0.2 and 12.5 ± 0.3 for the litter size of one and two, respectively. Highest milk fat, lactose and solids not fat (SNF) were in the later stage of lactation, whereas protein and minerals were similar throughout the lactation. The average age at first oestrus, age at first pregnancy and age at first kidding were 354.8 ± 17.1, 395.4 ± 29.6 and 548.6 ± 68.1 days, respectively. The average number of services per pregnancy was 1.4. The gestation length was 152.8 ± 17.6 days. The average body weight just after kidding and placenta weight were 26.7 kg and 342.4g, respectively. The overall litter size was 1.8 and 32.9, 58.2 and 8.9% of kidding produced single, twins and triplets, respectively. Sex ratio was 53.3 male to 46.7% female. Average onset of post-partum oestrus was 51 and interval from parturition to pregnancy 69.3 days. Production of Jamunapari goats was comparable with that of the Bengal goats. (Bangl. vet. 2010. Vol. 27, No. 1, 26 – 35) DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v27i1.5912

/pdf/evaluation-of-the-production-characteristics-of-the-aqlbj6b4vx.pdf

Evaluation of the production characteristics of the Jamunapari goat and its adaptability to farm conditions in Bangladesh

Genetic analysis of growth parameters and survival potential of Jamunapari goats in semiarid tropics.

The improvement programme in Jamunapari goats was started with the active participation of farmers in two adopted villages and efforts have been made to characterise the performance of Jamunapari goats in their home tract in relation to production, reproduction performance and field conditions relating to socio-economic status of farmers. The phenotypic measurements are also described in the breed in its habitat. Jamunapari is a tall, white and large size milch goat breed of India and their numbers have been reducing over the years for various reasons. The description in relation to housing, feeding, management, growth parameters, milk yield, parasitic load, blood polymorphism and constraints in field conditions has been made in detail. Body weights at birth, three, six and nine months were 2.75 kg, 12.3 kg, 16 kg and 22 kg, respectively. Milk yield at 90 and 150 days was 102 and 145 litres, respectively. The peak breeding season of this goat in field conditions is in May-June and twining percentage is about 52 percent. The overall mortality in village conditions is about 3.7 percent and is mostly due to diarrhea and pneumonia. The mortality was 3.7 percent, 1.9 percent, 9.8 percent and 2.0 percent in 0–3, 3–6, and 6–12 months, and adult goats, respectively over the years. The native goat in its home tract is endangered for several reasons and utmost care is needed from all angles to save this germplasm.

Characterisation of Jamunapari goats in their home tract.

Studies on behavioral patterns in Jamunapari goats

Genetic analysis of body weights at different ages in Jamunapari goats

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Characterisation of Jamunapari goats in their home tract.

Studies on behavioral patterns in Jamunapari goats

Genetic analysis of body weights at different ages in Jamunapari goats