In this paper, the contemporary development in multiple input dc-dc converters are identified and examined. The quest to mitigate the difficulties associated with employing renewables in distribution systems and electric vehicles (EVs) has yielded many new converter topologies. These new topologies have easier control, lower parts count, are cheaper and are worthy alternatives to the typical series or parallel connection of converters. The converters are identified by three divisions that bother on the isolation between the respective ports. The electrically connected converters do not have isolation between the ports, and thus, a dc link connects the ports. Electromagnetically connected converters use a dc-link to connect input ports, but the input ports and output port are isolated. In magnetically connected converters, input ports are separated by multiple winding transformer, just as the output port is isolated from the input ports by the winding. The formation, structure, characteristics, operation, merits and demerits of the converters will be presented. Thereafter, comparisons will be done based on the distinct features of the converters. This review identifies that converter properties depend on the specific application requirement and thus, no converter fulfills all demands in the industry. Prospective future research trends are suggested. This work aims to update on research done during the time gap since the last comprehensive reviews.

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A review of multiple input DC-DC converter topologies linked with hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy systems

The effect of pollution on the planet earth and the rapid use of fossil fuels provides a strong impulse for the growth and evolution of electric vehicles (EVs). The advancements in Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) proving the best quick fix towards the severity of the problem on the planet. HEVs not only reduce the emissions but also decreases the fuel cost for the consumer with their improved driving range and dynamic characteristics satisfying environmental regulations. For the extension of the driving range in EVs, multiple energy sources like ultra-capacitor, fuel cells, solar PV are to be interfaced with a battery. This in turn reduces the charging time, which is a significant drawback of EVs. To handle the multiple sources with distinct V–I characteristics, an efficient power electronic circuitry is needed, which can able to provide an efficient power transfer capability between sources and load for the vehicle propulsion. In handling the energy from multiple sources stabilizing at DC bus, the DC-DC converter plays a crucial role. Due to this, in the recent past, the transformation of DC-DC converters from a single input to a multi-input (MIC) has been noticed. The several combinations of integrating sources let on to the new topologies and even more complicated with the configurations. The topology selection imposes more challenges in choosing the best fit for the specific applications. This paper produces a detailed review of the types of EVs, their architectures, merits and demerits. MIC topologies used in EVs with a detailed comparison. A comprehensive study on design rules of MICs, structures and selection procedures of MICs for various applications in detail. This study categorizes MICs based on their characteristics. The significant findings, merits and demerits are also discussed in detail with their suitability.

Selection parameters and synthesis of multi-input converters for electric vehicles: An overview

In this article, a new structure for dual-input single-output three-phase inverters with a high voltage gain is presented. The proposed structure is based on the impedance source inverters, in which two independent input sources can share their power to supply a common load by replacing the high-frequency transformers with some inductors. The proposed structure is also a voltage booster and is suitable for applications such as connecting to hybrid renewable energy systems. In the proposed structure, to improve the efficiency and to reduce the cost and structure weight, only one power conversion stage is used. In addition, the number of used semiconductors is lower than previous structures in the literature. As renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have the nature of intermittency, the supply of load in the systems which use them as inputs may be marred by some reliability problems. To this end, supplementary sources and also a fast control algorithm could be used to overcome the reliability problem. The proposed switching method controls the ratio of the power absorbed from the input sources and the dc-link voltage through the control of two independent variables. The reliability of the load supply is improved since the controller computes the parameters very fast. The experimental results on a 310-W prototype confirm the theoretical analysis and the performance of the proposed inverter.

A High Step-Up Dual-Source Three-Phase Inverter Topology With Decoupled and Reliable Control Algorithm

A new three-port DC-DC converter for renewable energy systems with battery storage is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter is employed to manage the energy supplied from different sources, here the photovoltaic solar arrays and the battery, and deliver a continuous power to the output loads in the best suited form. Traditionally, three different DC-DC converters should have been used for this purpose. However, the proposed converter not only retains the major desirable features of three DC-DC converters, but also reduces the cost and improves the power density of the power system. It has many advantages such as high voltage gain in low duty cycles, low inductor current ripple and conduction losses, high efficiency and also the low number of switches. Three different scenarios are simulated to corroborate the performance of the proposed converter. The simulation results show that the proposed converter has the capability to track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV system and also control the battery charging/discharging according to the load and the PV system power.

A New Three-Port Non-Isolated DC-DC Converter for Renewable Energy Sources Application

In this paper a novel multiple-input DC-DC topology achieving fixed output power with variable input sources is proposed. The proposed topology consists of conventional boost and buck converters. Effective energy management strategy is used to provide energy to the load, if one of the input sources fails to operate. The converter benefits from several advantages such as minimal operation modes, no limitation for switching duty cycle and fewer components for the size and cost of the converter. Simple control system is introduced by using voltage and current control. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the topology.

Analysis and Control of Multi-Input, Single-Output, Non-Isolated DC/DC Converter for Effective Renewable Energy Management

Multi-port converters have fewer components count and less conversion stage than the traditional power processing solution which adopts several independent two-port converters. This paper emphasis on the use of a single power processing stage to interface multiple power inputs integrates power conversion for a hybrid power source. The classification of various multiport dc-dc converters topologies both isolated and non isolated are studied and the features are listed.

Multi-input DC-DC converter topologies-a review

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Multi-input DC-DC converter topologies-a review