The spatial anisotropic arrangement of magnetic particles is expected to increase the magnetic resonance frequency of magnetic particles and optimize the magnetic loss. Herein, helical carbon nanocoils were used as a chiral template to induce the spatial spiral distribution of Fe3O4 particles. Meanwhile, a linear control group was constructed with carbon nanofibers as a template. The three-dimensional spiral structure promotes the confined growth and uniform distribution of Fe3O4 particles. Due to the enhanced magnetic property, chiral samples exhibited superior impedance matching compared to linear samples. Experimental tests and theoretical simulation confirm that the spatial anisotropic distribution helps to increase magnetic loss and optimize impedance matching. This work illustrates the important role of chiral structure in improving the magnetic anisotropy of magnetic nanoparticles and provides an effective strategy for optimizing electromagnetic wave dissipation.

Chiral structure induces spatial spiral arrangement of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to optimize electromagnetic wave dissipation

Interfaces in the MgO-FeCoB-MgO trilayer have been studied with grazing incident nuclear resonance scattering (GINRS) using the x-ray standing waves (XSW) technique. High depth selectivity of the present method allows one to measure magnetism and structure at the two interfaces of FeCoB, namely, FeCoB-on-MgO and MgO-on-FeCoB, independently, yielding an intriguing result that both interfaces are not symmetric. A high-density layer with an increased magnetic hyperfine field at the FeCoB-on-MgO interface suggests different growth mechanisms at the two interfaces. The azimuthal angle-dependent magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements reveal the presence of unusual uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) in the trilayer. An in-situ temperature-dependent study discovered that this UMA systematically reduces with temperature. The trilayer becomes isotropic at 450C with an order-of-magnitude increase in coercivity. The asymmetry at the interfaces is, in turn, explained by boron diffusion from the FeCoB interface layer into the nearby MgO layer. Stress-induced UMA is observed in the boron-deficient FeCoB layer, superimposed with the bulk FeCoB layer, and found to be responsible for unusual UMA. The temperature-dependent variation in the UMA and coercivity can be understood in terms of variations in the internal stresses and coupling between FeCoB bulk and the interface layer. 

Interface-resolved study of magnetism in MgO/FeCoB/MgO trilayers using x-ray standing wave techniques

Visible-light controlled interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in SrRuO3/BaTiO3 heterostructure

Interfaces in the MgO-FeCoB-MgO trilayer have been studied with grazing incident nuclear resonance scattering (GINRS) using the x-ray standing waves (XSW) technique. High depth selectivity of the present method allows one to measure magnetism and structure at the two interfaces of FeCoB, namely, FeCoB-on-MgO and MgO-on-FeCoB, independently, yielding an intriguing result that both interfaces are not symmetric. A high-density layer with an increased magnetic hyperfine field at the FeCoB-on-MgO interface suggests different growth mechanisms at the two interfaces. The azimuthal angle-dependent magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements reveal the presence of unusual uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) in the trilayer. An in-situ temperature-dependent study discovered that this UMA systematically reduces with temperature. The trilayer becomes isotropic at 450C with an order-of-magnitude increase in coercivity. The asymmetry at the interfaces is, in turn, explained by boron diffusion from the FeCoB interface layer into the nearby MgO layer. Stress-induced UMA is observed in the boron-deficient FeCoB layer, superimposed with the bulk FeCoB layer, and found to be responsible for unusual UMA. The temperature-dependent variation in the UMA and coercivity can be understood in terms of variations in the internal stresses and coupling between FeCoB bulk and the interface layer.

Atypical magnetism in Pt/MgO/FeCoB/Pt waveguide structure by exchanging the order of MgO and FeCoB layers

Magnetic tunnel junctions based on FeCoB as a magnetic electrode and MgO as a tunneling barrier gained much attention because of their applications in random access memories and magnetic sensors in disk drives. In this work, the structural and magnetic properties of the MgO/FeCoB/MgO trilayer have been studied precisely under x-ray standing wave (XSW) conditions, where XSW is generated through a high-density (Pt) waveguide structure. The combined x-ray scattering and fluorescence data obtained under XSW conditions revealed the formation of a high-density FeCoB layer at the MgO/FeCoB interface (FeCoB-on-MgO) in the as-deposited trilayer. Diffusion of B from the FeCoB layer into MgO is attributed to the formation of Fe- and Co-rich high-density layer (B-deficient FeCoB layer) at the interface. Angular-dependent magnetism of the trilayer structure revealed the presence of in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA), which disappeared with thermal annealing at a temperature of 450 °C. Stress in B-deficient FeCoB layer at the interface is attributed to the origin of IMA through magneto-elastic anisotropy energy minimization. The disappearance of anisotropy after annealing is mainly due to the removal of long-range stress and the formation of crystalline bcc-FeCo phase.

Structural and magnetic asymmetry at the interfaces of MgO/FeCoB/MgO trilayer: Precise study under x-ray standing wave conditions

The Pt/Co/Pt trilayer system is widely studied for its perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). In this work we delve the effects of thermal annealing from the perspective of magnetic domain wall dynamics. We find that the coercivity of the films remains constant while the domain wall velocity decreases drastically with thermal annealing (≤473 K). The decrease in the creep scaling constant with annealing temperature, confirm the enhanced pinning effect. Our results demonstrate that annealing temperature can significantly affect the magnetic micro-structure as well as magnetic domain dynamics in Pt/Co/Pt films with PMA. 

In-situ thermal annealing effects on domain wall velocity in Pt/Co/Pt trilayer thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Glancing Angle Deposition-Induced Asymmetric Growth and Magnetic Anisotropy in Co2FeAl/C60 Thin Films

: Magnetoelastic and magnetoelectric coupling in the artificial multiferroic heterostructures facilitate valuable features for device applications such as magnetic field sensors and electric write magnetic-read memory devices. In a ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures, the strain mediated coupling exploits piezoelectricity/electrostriction in ferroelectric phase and magnetostriction/piezomagnetism in ferromagnetic phase. Such verity of these combined effect can be manipulated by an external perturbation, such as electric field, temperature or magnetic field. Here, we demonstrate the remote-controlled tunability of these effects under the visible, coherent and unpolarized light. The combined surface and bulk magnetic study of domain-correlated Ni/BaTiO 3 heterostructure reveals that the system is strong sensitive about the light illumination via the combined effect of converse piezoelectric, magnetoelastic coupling and converse magnetostriction. Well-defined ferroelastic domain structure is fully transferred from a tetragonal ferroelectric to magnetostrictive layer via interface strain transfer during the film growth. The visible light illumination is used to manipulate the original ferromagnetic microstructure by the light-induced domain wall motion in ferroelectric, consequently the domain wall motion in the ferromagnetic layer. Our findings mimic the attractive remote-controlled ferroelectric random-access memory write and magnetic random-access memory read application scenarios, hence, can be proven as a novel perspective for room temperature device applications. layer on the BTO substrate. Analysis of birefringent contrast of ferroelectric BaTiO 3 substrate and magneto-optic Kerr contrast of ferromagnetic Ni layer indicates that

Light-induced giant and persistent changes in the converse magnetoelastic effects in Ni/BaTiO3 multiferroic heterostructure


 Optical control of ferroic order offers a transformative route for manipulating magnetic states in multiferroic systems, especially at ferromagnetic/ferroelectric (FM/FE) interfaces. However, achieving stable, reversible, and room‐temperature modulation of magnetism via light remains a key challenge, primarily due to limited coupling efficiency and poor structural control at the nanoscale. This limitation can be overcome by utilizing strain‐mediated coupling mechanisms that convert photostrictive responses in the FE layer into magnetic reorientation in the FM layer. Here, a reversible, light‐induced strain effect is demonstrated in PMN‐PT single crystals, where domain variants visualized via Piezoresponse Force Microscopy undergo controlled reconfiguration under visible laser illumination. X‐ray diffraction reciprocal space maps confirm lattice deformation, while Raman spectroscopy reveals local structural changes. In Fe/PMN‐PT heterostructures, this optically induced strain drives magnetic axis reorientation in the Fe layer, confirming robust magneto‐electric coupling. The discovery establishes a non‐contact, energy‐efficient approach to manipulate magnetism, advancing the field toward ultrafast, reconfigurable magneto‐optical devices.

Photostriction‐Driven, Light‐Modulated Magnetization in Fe/PMN‐PT Heterostructures

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