Recent advances in fully integrated acoustically tuned optical filters (ATOFs) for use in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) are reviewed. Experiments in parallel processing of wavelength channels are described. The ATOF uses the photoelastic effect induced by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) to flip the polarization state of a narrow phase-matched band of wavelengths. A unique feature of the ATOF is that many wavelengths can be simultaneously and independently processed, because the associated SAW beams can be superimposed with negligible interaction at the drive levels required for complete polarization conversion. This parallel processing capability has been used to select as many as five out of eight laser channels in an experiment in which each channel was tagged by a separate microwave subcarrier. Polarization-independent devices are also discussed. A polarization-diversity ATOF that decomposes an input beam into TE (horizontal) and TM (vertical) components, interchanges TE and TM roles for the resonant wavelength, and reroutes the filtered beam into a spatially distinct port is described. >

Integrated-optic acoustically-tunable filters for WDM networks

The system issues and network applications of acoustooptic tunable filters (AOTFs) are discussed. AOTFs are thought to be attractive system components in dense wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) networks because of their broad continuous electronic wavelength tunability and narrow filter bandwidth. Their unique multiwavelength filtering capability adds a greater dimension of flexibility to network design. The characteristics of the AOTF are reviewed from a system viewpoint and the performance and capabilities of bulk-devices, integrated-optic devices, and fiber-based devices are discussed and compared. Three network applications using the acoustooptic tunable filters are described. The first application is as wavelength-tunable receivers or taps for local users in a subscriber loop distribution network. The second is as multiwavelength tunable receivers in a broadcast local-area cross-connect for packet communication with very-high-throughput data rate. The third is as wavelength-selective space-division switch fabric for routing and cross-connect between central offices. Future prospects and various issues for future research are also discussed. >

Acoustooptic tunable filters in narrowband WDM networks: system issues and network applications

An electrically tunable optical oscillator. An acoustooptically tunable filter (F1) is located in a feedback path of an optical oscillator. The filter non-collinearly diffracts the light signal to selectively tune the osciallator. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the feedback path includes an optical isolator (I) so that light can rotate through the feedback path in only one direction, and a plurality of 1/2 wave retardation plates (R1,R2) for shifting the polarization of the light signal.

Optical oscillator sweeper

Since the advent of the laser, acousto-optic modulators have been an important tool for controlling light. Recent advances in on-chip lithium niobate waveguide technology present new opportunities for these devices. We demonstrate a collinear acousto-optic modulator in a suspended film of lithium niobate employing a high-confinement, wavelength-scale waveguide. By strongly confining the optical and mechanical waves, this modulator improves a figure-of-merit that accounts for both acousto-optic and electro-mechanical efficiency by orders of magnitude. Our device demonstration marks a significant technological advance in acousto-optics that promises a novel class of compact and low-power frequency shifters, tunable filters, non-magnetic isolators, and beam deflectors.

Acousto-optic modulation of a wavelength-scale waveguide

A detailed theory and experimental results are presented on weighted-coupling integrated acoustooptic tunable filters (IAOTF). A low-sidelobe-level single-stage IAOTF in which the weighted coupling was facilitated by focused surface acoustic waves along an interaction length of 6.0 mm has been realized on a Y-X LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate, 8 mm in length. The measured performances of this weighted-coupling IAOTF at the optical center wavelength of 1.31 /spl mu/m include a peak mode conversion at the acoustic center frequency of 214.6 MHz, a wavelength tuning range of 110 nm, a -3 dB optical bandwidth of 4.1 nm, and a switching rise time of 0.965 /spl mu/s. Sidelobe levels below -21.4 dB have been accomplished at the mode-conversion efficiency of 15 percent and an RF drive power of 160 mW. >

Integrated acoustooptic tunable filters using weighted coupling

Collinear acoustooptic TM-TE mode conversion is experimentally investigated in proton exchanged Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical waveguides. Their birefringence is adjusted by an appropriate annealing to allow phase matching at surface acoustic wave frequencies of about 90 MHz and 180 MHz, respectively. A planar mode converter with an efficiency of up to 90 percent is presented (87 MHz, 175 MHz). Furthermore, a combined acoustical/optical strip waveguide structure is developed as mode converter, leading to strongly reduced power requirements; only 0.3-mW acoustic power is sufficient to achieve a conversion efficiency of 50 percent. >

Collinear acoustical TM-TE mode conversion in proton exchanged Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide structures

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Collinear acoustical TM-TE mode conversion in proton exchanged Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide structures