An encryption device for a telephone having a handset and a base unit is disclosed The device includes a handset interface, a first converter, an encryption processor, a second converter, and a host interface The handset interface receives analog output signals from the handset The first converter converts the analog output signals into digital output signals The encryption processor includes a compressor, a key manager, an encryptor, and a modulator The key manager generates key material for encrypting the digital output signals The compressor compresses the digital output signals, the encryptor encrypts the digital output signals based on the key material, and the modulator modulates the encrypted digital output signals The second converter converts the encrypted digital output signals into encrypted analog output signals The host interface receives the encrypted analog output signals from the encryption processor, and forwards the encrypted analog output signals to the base unit

Encryption and authentication methods and apparatus for securing telephone communications

The increasing proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) on the smart grid has made distributed solar and wind two key contributors to the expanding attack surface of the network; however, there is a lack of proper understanding and enforcement of DER communications security requirements. With vendors employing proprietary methods to mitigate hosts of attacks, the literature currently lacks a clear organization of the protocol-level vulnerabilities, attacks, and solutions mapped to each layer of the logical model such as the OSI stack. To bridge this gap and pave the way for future research by the authors in determining key DER security requirements, this paper conducts a comprehensive review of the key vulnerabilities, attacks, and potential solutions for solar and wind DERs at the protocol level. In doing so, this paper serves as a starting point for utilities, vendors, aggregators, and other industry stakeholders to develop a clear understanding of the DER security challenges and solutions, which are key precursors to comprehending security requirements.

/pdf/a-survey-of-protocol-level-challenges-and-solutions-for-1xjo0v3o28.pdf

A Survey of Protocol-Level Challenges and Solutions for Distributed Energy Resource Cyber-Physical Security

A system for securing communications between devices connected to a ring network. In accordance with the present invention, when a message frame is passed around the ring network, a gate keeper circuit associated with at least one port of a hub determines whether the message frame is intended for any of the nodes connected to that port. If the message frame is not intended for any of the nodes connected to that port, the message frame is encoded before it exits the hub through the port to traverse the subnetwork connected to the port, and decoded after it reenters the hub through the port. If and only if at least one node on the subnetwork connected to the port is intended to receive the message frame, then each node connected to that port can read the message frame.

Ring network security system with encoding of data entering a subnetwork and decoding of data leaving the subnet work

This journal explains the process that occurs in data wrapping and the algorithm used by the security features in WhatsApp end-to-end encryption. This system guarantees that messages sent between two parties, cannot be intercepted by hackers who intercept the communication lines. In WhatsApp communication, sending data is confidential because it has gone through an encryption process. Encryption is a process carried out to secure a data (which is called plaintext) into hidden data (called ciphertext). Ciphertext is data that cannot be read easily.

Realisasi kriptografi pada fitur enkripsi end-to-end pesan whatsapp

This article describes the method of end-to-end encryption of messages in messaging apps using the automata theory, which are necessary for the visual representation of this mechanism. Interpretation of end-to-end encryption on event-driven non-deterministic automaton allows to implement these methods not only by software, but also by hardware. Since at present there is a high probability of loss and falsification of users personal data and storing the correspondence in a decrypted form on the network, such software methods of message encryption as symmetric and asymmetrical are used now; their distinctive features were described in this article. On the basis of these encryption methods, two protocols, which are the most reliable and frequently used in modern messaging apps, were considered. A serious vulnerability was found in one of the methods. It is missing in another protocol due to the use of Double Ratchet and triple Diffie–Hellman. This vulnerability was described in this article. In the protocols analysis, the Diffie-Hellman algorithm and the AES-256 standard were detailed. The AES-256 standard is represented by a form of mathematical model using the automata theory, on the basis of which a hardware implementation of the encryption mechanism is possible.

Formalized Description of Message Encryption in Messaging Apps Using Automata Theory

Both network-layer and transport-layer encryption are permitted by the OSI Security Addendum. The advantages of network-layer encryption are discussed. Secure data network system (SDNS) protocols are described. In the SDNS, SP is a single, simple encryption protocol between end-systems. This protocol has two descriptions, SP3 (network layer) and SP4 (transport layer). Both definitions are OSI compliant. Extensions of the basic protocol allow SP3 to be used at intermediate systems and allow SP4 to provide a more connection-oriented service. >

End-to-end encryption at the network layer

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End-to-end encryption at the network layer