This work presents the simulation of a maximum voltage estimator and control system to maintain the photovoltaic (PV) generator in the maximum power point, independent of load variations. A fuzzy logic systems (FLS) is implzemented, to estimate, from radiation and temperature data, the maximum voltage of operation of PV generator. The charge and discharge of the battery and the SOC battery are controlled with a radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN).

Power Operation Optimization of Photovoltaic Stand Alone System with Variable Loads Using Fuzzy Voltage Estimator and Neural Network Controller

BP solar is involved in long term studies on IV swept, maximum power point tracked or grid connected arrays at currently 67 sites worldwide. Modules tested are from both BP solar and competitors products. Technologies studied include laser grooved buried contact (Saturn) "LGBC", screen printed mono and multicrystalline silicon; single, double and triple junction amorphous Si and CdTe. Different monitoring sites include independent test houses, 3/sup rd/ party collaboration, BP solar factories, downloads from the Internet and petrol station roofs. This study shows that kWh/kW/sub p/ differences between different PV systems depend strongly on module power tolerance, mismatch between series connected modules, BOS losses and downtime.

/pdf/an-overview-of-4-years-of-kwh-kw-sub-p-monitoring-at-67-1q839ldz1b.pdf

An overview of 4 years of kWh/kW/sub p/ monitoring at 67 sites worldwide

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the field test efficiency of grid connected solar PV system by simulation, field test results and real time data monitoring. The real behavior of modules by respect to the specifications was one of the greater uncertainties in the PV system performance evaluation. The reason is the mismatch of poor cell by the manufacturer during fabrication. The thesis demonstrates the performance analysis of solar module by using solar module analyzer, irradiance meter and inclinometer under different irradiation at site. The peak power produced is measured and compared with the manufacturing test report to ensure all the modules in the string will have power rating at the acceptable tolerance. The real time monitoring is implemented by using Solar-Log in order to obtain the absolute maximum performance from the solar energy system at all time. The real time data is recorded and compare with the PVSYST simulation results. Results obtained were compared to validate the efficiency of PV system. Finally, economic analysis of PV system is presented by using simple payback method to determine the return on investment (ROI).At the end of study, recommendation and suggested solution will be presented to increase the reliable and efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) system. By increasing the efficiency of PV system, more energy will be generated which contribute to a better return of investment (ROI). Hence, the renewable energy will becomes a viable and sound long term investment for companies, industries and also for individuals.

Grid connected solar photovoltaic system efficiency : case study for landed residential

⎯ This work presents the application of Artificial Neural Network to a maximum voltage estimator and control system to maintain the photovoltaic (PV) generator in the maximum power point, independent of load variations. A Radial Basis Functions Neural Network (RBF-NN) controller is implemented, to estimate, from irradiation and temperature data, the maximum voltage of operation of PV generator. The charge and discharge of the battery and the SOC battery are controlled too with RBF-NN. Keywords⎯ RBF-NN, Maximum voltage, Maximum power, Photovoltaic Generator

Application Of RBF-NN On Power Operation Optimization Of Photovoltaic Stand Alone System With Variable Loads

A low-cost and fast PV I-V curve tracer based on an open source platform with M2M communication capabilities for preventive monitoring☆

BP Solar is involved in long term studies on IV swept, maximum power point tracked or grid connected arrays at currently 67 sites worldwide. Recent studies have shown that many PV arrays can suffer lower performance than expected due mainly to BOS limitations like inverter efficiency, mismatch, shading, thermal losses and V/sub MAX/ tracking accuracy. This paper discusses mathematical methods used to analyse instantaneous or averaged array data in real time to determine when arrays are not performing optimally and shows how to help identify what is causing the loss. Empirical equations are introduced to help determine what power the system should be producing during each measurement period.

/pdf/optimising-pv-array-performance-using-real-time-measurements-47dhn5ls0j.pdf

Optimising PV array performance using real time measurements

Planar Doppler velocimetry (PDV) offers a nonintrusive method of measuring gas velocity based on the Doppler shift of light scattered by particles that may be naturally present in the flow. Three-component velocity measurements by PDV were performed in the exhaust flow of a full-scale aircraft engine at various power settings at three regions in the flow, extending from the centerline to the edge of the plume. Speckle noise limited the accuracy of instantaneous velocity measurements to about 10% of the maximum, but frame averaging produced mean velocity measurements with an estimated accuracy of around 1% of the maximum. The measurement system was validated in a smoke-seeded turbulent jet with comparisons to measurements with a pitot tube. In the full-scale engine exhaust, spatially resolved measurements of the total mean velocity vector were obtained over a region of 89 mm × 89 mm with a resolution of 1 mm. The measurements revealed the structure of the mean flow, which included some asymmetry about the centerline and a strong velocity gradient in the shear layer. The measured velocity magnitudes agreed reasonably well with one-dimensional velocity estimates provided by the Air Force. Measurements such as these should provide useful information to engine designers and developers. 

Planar Doppler Velocimetry in a Full-Scale Aircraft Engine Exhaust

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Optimising PV array performance using real time measurements

Planar Doppler Velocimetry in a Full-Scale Aircraft Engine Exhaust