Mud volcanism is an important natural source of the greenhouse gas methane to the hydrosphere and atmosphere. Recent investigations show that the number of active submarine mud volcanoes might be much higher than anticipated (for example, see refs 3-5), and that gas emitted from deep-sea seeps might reach the upper mixed ocean. Unfortunately, global methane emission from active submarine mud volcanoes cannot be quantified because their number and gas release are unknown. It is also unclear how efficiently methane-oxidizing microorganisms remove methane. Here we investigate the methane-emitting Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV, Barents Sea, 72 degrees N, 14 degrees 44' E; 1,250 m water depth) to provide quantitative estimates of the in situ composition, distribution and activity of methanotrophs in relation to gas emission. The HMMV hosts three key communities: aerobic methanotrophic bacteria (Methylococcales), anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME-2) thriving below siboglinid tubeworms, and a previously undescribed clade of archaea (ANME-3) associated with bacterial mats. We found that the upward flow of sulphate- and oxygen-free mud volcano fluids restricts the availability of these electron acceptors for methane oxidation, and hence the habitat range of methanotrophs. This mechanism limits the capacity of the microbial methane filter at active marine mud volcanoes to <40% of the total flux.

/pdf/novel-microbial-communities-of-the-haakon-mosby-mud-volcano-5cwzirblz7.pdf

Novel microbial communities of the Haakon Mosby mud volcano and their role as a methane sink

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=nasapub

State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill

The bookshelf methane hydrates in quaternary climate. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. the interaction of climate change and methane hydrates is. large submarine landslides on continental slopes. balancing the deglacial global carbon budget the hydrate. millennial scale shifts in the methane hydrate stability. 2 why study gas hydrate charting the future of methane. old carbon reservoirs were not important in the deglacial. did geologic emissions of methane play any role in. the sensitivity of gas hydrate reservoirs to climate. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. methane a scientific journey from obscurity to climate. potential impact on climate of the exploitation of methane. methane hydrate definition of methane hydrate by medical. oceanic gas hydrate instability and dissociation under. role of methane hydrates in climate change pelling. methane hydrates what you need to know yale climate. the bookshelf methane hydrates in quaternary climate. methane hydrate killer cause of earth s greatest mass. a methane trigger for rapid warming science. nasa methane s impacts on climate change may be twice. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. methane clathrate. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. climate change and methane hydrates world ocean review. methane hydrate dissociation off spitsbergen not caused by. did geologic emissions of methane play any role in. methane hydrates and climate change department of energy. should the world tap undersea methane hydrates for energy. news methane hydrates global carbon project. methane hydrates and contemporary climate change. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. customer reviews methane hydrates in. methane hydrates world ocean review. pdf a methane trigger for rapid warming. methane release from melting permafrost could trigger. clathrate gun hypothesis. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. role of methane hydrates in climate change pelling. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change. carbon isotopic evidence for methane hydrate instability. methane hydrate the world s largest natural gas resource. methane hydrates noaa ocean explorer. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. gas hydrate breakdown unlikely to cause massive greenhouse. methane hydrates in quaternary climate change the. methane hydrates and global warming phys

Methane hydrates in Quaternary climate change : the clathrate gun hypothesis

Methane discharge from a deep-sea submarine mud volcano into the upper water column by gas hydrate-coated methane bubbles

Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Natural Sources

Results from surface geochemical prospecting, seismic exploration and satellite remote sensing have documented oil and gas seeps in marine basins around the world. Seeps are a dynamic component of the carbon cycle and can be important indicators for economically significant hydrocarbon deposits. The northern Gulf of Mexico contains hundreds of active seeps that can be studied experimentally with the use of submarines and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV). Hydrocarbon flux through surface sediments profoundly alters benthic ecology and seafloor geology at seeps. In water depths of 500‐2000 m, rapid gas flux results in shallow, metastable deposits of gas hydrate, which reduce sediment porosity and affect seepage rates. This paper details the processes that occur during the final, brief transition — as oil and gas escape from the seafloor, rise through the water and dissolve, are consumed by microbial processes, or disperse into the atmosphere. The geology of the upper sediment column determines whether discharge is rapid and episodic, as occurs in mud volcanoes, or more gradual and steady, as occurs where the seep orifice is plugged with gas hydrate. In both cases, seep oil and gas appear to rise through the water in close proximity instead of separating. Chemical alteration of the oil is relatively minor during transit through the water column, but once at the sea surface its more volatile components rapidly evaporate. Gas bubbles rapidly dissolve as they rise, although observations suggest that oil coatings on the bubbles inhibit dissolution. At the sea surface, the floating oil forms slicks, detectable by remote sensing, whose origins are laterally within � 1000 m of the seafloor vent. This contradicts the much larger distance predicted if oil drops rise through a 500 m water column at an expected rate of � 0.01 m s � 1 while subjected to lateral currents of � 0.2 m s � 1 or greater. It indicates that oil rises with the gas bubbles at speeds of � 0.15 m s � 1 all the way to the surface.

/pdf/transfer-of-hydrocarbons-from-natural-seeps-to-the-water-2emjoiwu0f.pdf

Transfer of hydrocarbons from natural seeps to the water column and atmosphere

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Transfer of hydrocarbons from natural seeps to the water column and atmosphere