Lewis Acids: From Conventional Homogeneous to Green Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Nonbiodegradable plastics with inert and saturated C–C backbones comprise the majority of global annual plastics produced, including the ubiquitous polyolefins (polyethylene and polypropylene) and ...

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00490

Polyolefins and Polystyrene as Chemical Resources for a Sustainable Future: Challenges, Advances, and Prospects

Functionalization of syndiotactic polystyrene with succinic anhydride in the presence of aluminum chloride

The adhesion capability of novel functional polystyrenes to metals and their capability to provide corrosion resistance to metals under various conditions have been investigated The polyfunctional polystyrenes were prepared via reaction of the polystyrene with different functional groups [2-methyl-2,3-epoxy-6-octene-4-one (I), 2-methyl-2,3-epoxy-5,7-nonadien-4-one (II), 1-chloro-2,3-epoxy-5-chloromethyl-5-hexene (III), I-(Δ3-tetrahydrobenzaldoxime)-2,3-epoxy propane (IV), and maleic anhydride (V)] in the presence of catalysts The results show that the addition of functional groups to the polystyrene increases its adhesion capability and corrosion resistance This increase is attributed to the quantity and nature of the functional groups bonded to polystyrene

Functionalization of polystyrene and adhesion studies

Novel functionalized polystyrenes having groups such as epichlorohydrin, epoxy, acetyl, C=C double bond, and carboxyl were synthesized by the reaction of polystyrene with epichlorohydrin, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and organic anhydrides in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts. The adhesion capability and corrosion resistance of the new synthesized functionalized polystyrenes to metals under various conditions were investigated. A very good relationship was observed between the quantity of functional groups bonded to the aromatic rings of the polystyrenes and the adhesion and corrosion resistance properties of the polyfunctionalized polystyrenes. It was also observed that the new polyfunctionalized polystyrenes obtained by chemical modification with maleic anhydride, acetic anhydride, isoprene, butadiene, and epichlorohydrin in the presence of cationic catalysts resulted in high adhesion and anti-corrosion properties.

Effects of the functional groups of polystyrene on its adhesion improvement and corrosion resistance

Polystyrenes with different molecular weights were chemically modified with maleic anhydride by use of certain cationic catalysts of Lewis acid type (BF3·OEt2, AICI3, TiCL4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, and SnCl4) in chloroform. The effects of molecular weight of polystyrene, as well as type of Lewis acid used, on properties and structure of products were investigated. The interrelation between the molecular weight of polystyrene and content of carboxyl groups in the products was made. A direct relationship between the activity of catalyst used and the number of carboxyl groups was found. For characterization of side-chain functionalized polystyrene, fractional precipitation was applied which yielded carboxyl groups in all fractions. The carboxyl group concentrations were found to be the highest in the case of BF3·OEt2. Modified polystyrene samples containing COCHCHCOOH fragments in side chains are easily crosslinked at 140–150°C and by UV irradiation as proved by IR, DTA, and TGA analyses. Functionalized polymers obtained are characterized by their high thermostability, adhesion, and photosensitivity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Side‐chain functionalization of polystyrene with maleic anhydride in the presence of lewis acids

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Side‐chain functionalization of polystyrene with maleic anhydride in the presence of lewis acids