Structural strength analysis and optimization of portable hydrogen storage vessel made of fiberglass tube

A device for the storage of compressed hydrogen gas comprises a plurality of glass capillary tubes each having a sealed extremity and an open extremity, wherein said plurality of glass capillary tubes is sheathed in an external tubular cover, and wherein the open end of a bundle of said tubular covers is housed in an adaptor, and wherein said adaptor is suitable to allow compressed hydrogen gas to be added to, and to prevent said hydrogen gas from escaping from, said glass capillary tubes.

Hydrogen gas high pressure storage system

Hydrogen as a fuel of the future for mobile applications has the potential to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions significantly (Groos et al., 2023 [1]). A main focus to enable hydrogen powered aviation is the efficient storage onboard (Prewitz et al., 2023 [2]; Verstraete et al., 2010 [3]; Prewitz et al., 2020 [4]). Especially the storage volume is a major challenge because of the rather low volumetric energy density of compressed or either liquified hydrogen in comparison with kerosene (Hassan et al., 2021 [5]; Stetson et al., 2014 [6]; Troeltsch et al., 2020 [7]). Glass capillaries have a high strength, also their geometry and low hydrogen permeability make them a suitable micro pressure tank (Prewitz et al., 2018; Veziroglu et al., 2003 [8]; Meyer-Scherf, 2015 [9]). By combining glass capillaries and carbon fibers in a polymer matrix, a material composite could be developed that is both a structural element, contributing to load bearing, and a hydrogen tank at the same time. The synergetic use of the structure as storage could be a solution to tackle the problem of the increased required storage volume for hydrogen powered aviation. This paper presents a theoretical micromechanical analysis, the design and manufacturing process of the composite material, and the experimental results of tensile testing conducted on a glass capillary hybridized carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GCRP). The aim is to determine the influence of the glass capillary content on the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the GCRP. 

Experimental investigation of tensile properties of glass capillary hybridized carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GCRP) for structurally integrated hydrogen storage

The  storage  of  hydrogen  poses  inherent  weight,  volume  and  safety  obstacles.  An  innovative technology which allows for the storage of hydrogen in thin sealed glass capillaries ensures the safe infusion, storage and controlled release of hydrogen gas, under pressures up to 100 MPa. Glass is a non-flammable material which also guarantees high burst pressures. The pressure resistance of single and multiple capillaries has been determined for different glass materials. Borosilicate capillaries have been proven to have the highest pressure resistance and have therefore been selected for further series of  advanced testing.  The innovative  storage  system  is  finally  composed of  a  variable number  of modules. As such, in the case of the release of hydrogen this modular arrangement allows potential hazards to be reduced to a minimum. Further advantage of a modular system is the arrangement of single modules in every shape and volume dependent on the final application. Therefore the typical locations of storage systems, e.g. the rear of cars, can be modified or shifted to places of higher safety and not directly involved in crashes. The various methods of refilling and releasing capillaries with compressed hydrogen, the increase of burst pressures through pre-treatment, as well as the theoretical analysis and  experimental results of  the resistance  of glass  capillaries will further  be discussed  in detail.

A New Technology for Hydrogen Safety: Glass Structures as a Storage System

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A New Technology for Hydrogen Safety: Glass Structures as a Storage System