Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: Critical review and assessment of data quality.

Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health.

Plastic pollution is a pervasive and growing problem. To estimate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce plastic pollution, we modeled stocks and flows of municipal solid waste and four sources of microplastics through the global plastic system for five scenarios between 2016 and 2040. Implementing all feasible interventions reduced plastic pollution by 40% from 2016 rates and 78% relative to “business as usual” in 2040. Even with immediate and concerted action, 710 million metric tons of plastic waste cumulatively entered aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. To avoid a massive build-up of plastic in the environment, coordinated global action is urgently needed to reduce plastic consumption; increase rates of reuse, waste collection, and recycling; expand safe disposal systems; and accelerate innovation in the plastic value chain.

/pdf/evaluating-scenarios-toward-zero-plastic-pollution-45rcepfw06.pdf

Evaluating scenarios toward zero plastic pollution

Atmospheric microplastics: A review on current status and perspectives

We submit that the safe operating space of the planetary boundary of novel entities is exceeded since annual production and releases are increasing at a pace that outstrips the global capacity for assessment and monitoring. The novel entities boundary in the planetary boundaries framework refers to entities that are novel in a geological sense and that could have large-scale impacts that threaten the integrity of Earth system processes. We review the scientific literature relevant to quantifying the boundary for novel entities and highlight plastic pollution as a particular aspect of high concern. An impact pathway from production of novel entities to impacts on Earth system processes is presented. We define and apply three criteria for assessment of the suitability of control variables for the boundary: feasibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness. We propose several complementary control variables to capture the complexity of this boundary, while acknowledging major data limitations. We conclude that humanity is currently operating outside the planetary boundary based on the weight-of-evidence for several of these control variables. The increasing rate of production and releases of larger volumes and higher numbers of novel entities with diverse risk potentials exceed societies’ ability to conduct safety related assessments and monitoring. We recommend taking urgent action to reduce the harm associated with exceeding the boundary by reducing the production and releases of novel entities, noting that even so, the persistence of many novel entities and/or their associated effects will continue to pose a threat.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c04158

Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities

Sources, Fate and Effects of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Part 2 of a Global Assessment

New ocean, new needs: Application of pteropod shell dissolution as a biological indicator for marine resource management

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Sources, Fate and Effects of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Part 2 of a Global Assessment

New ocean, new needs: Application of pteropod shell dissolution as a biological indicator for marine resource management