Resumo n O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influŒncia da inoculaAao de seis espOcies de fungos micorrIzicos arbusculares (FMA) (Glomus clarum, Scutellospora heterogama, Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Gigaspora margarita e Glomus manihotis) no desenvolvimento vegetativo, nutriAao mineral e conteœdo de subst‚ncias de reserva em porta-enxertos de abacateiro (Persea†sp.), oriundos de caroAos. Os porta-enxertos foram cultivados em casa de vegetaAao com cobertura de sombrite (70%) e acondicionados em sacos de polietileno preto (5†L), contendo substrato constituIdo de solo†+ areia†+ resIduo decomposto de casca de acAEcia-negra (Acacia mearnii) (2:2:1, v:v:v). Dois meses apUs a infecAao das pl‚ntulas com FMA (30 g/pl‚ntula), observou-se que a dependŒncia do abacateiro aos FMA variou com a espOcie de fungo em estudo. Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora scrobiculata e Glomus etunicatum proporcionaram melhor nutriAao, maior conteœdo em subst‚ncias de reserva e maior desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas. Glomus clarum somente incrementou a altura das plantas. A infecAao com Glomus manihotis nao alterou o desenvolvimento vegetativo dos porta-enxertos, e Gigaspora margarita foi prejudicial. Termos para indexaAao: endomicorrizas, inoculaAao, nutriAao das plantas, etapas de desenvolvimento da planta. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on vegetative growth of avocado rootstocks

/pdf/influencia-de-fungos-micorrizicos-arbusculares-sobre-o-1onosz59ia.pdf

Influência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo de porta-enxertos de abacateiro

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been used to promote numerous benefits to plants. In this study, we evaluated the symbiosis between AMF species (Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum) and Piper nigrum L. ‘Bragantina’. Volatile compounds, lipoxygenase (LOX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities, and total phenolic content were monitored from 1 to 60 days post-inoculation (dpi). Hyphae, arbuscles, and vesicles were observed during the root colonization. In the leaves, AMF induced an increase of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.0%–79.0%) and a decrease of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (41.3%–14.5%) at 7 dpi and 60 dpi (41.8%–21.5%), respectively. Cubenol, the main volatile compound of leaves, showed a significant decrease at 7 dpi (21.5%–0.28%) and 45 dpi (20.4%–18.42%). β-caryophyllene, the major volatile compound of the roots, displayed a significant reduction at 45 dpi (30.0%–20.0%). LOX increased in the roots at 21, 30, and 60 dpi. PAL was higher in leaves during all periods, except at 60 dpi, and increased at 21 and 45 dpi in the roots. The total phenolic content showed a significant increase only in the roots at 30 dpi. The results suggested that AMF provided changes in the secondary metabolism of P. nigrum, inducing its resistance.

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/11/442/pdf

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization Promotes Changes in the Volatile Compounds and Enzymatic Activity of Lipoxygenase and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase in Piper nigrum L. ‘Bragantina’

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e quantificar os esporos de FMA presentes em viveiros e pomares de citros no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas amostras de solo e de raizes de dez viveiros e doze pomares de oito municipios produtores de citros, nas quais avaliaramse conteudo nutricional, numero de esporos por 100 g de solo seco e colonizacao das radicelas, e determinaramse as especies autoctones. As especies, em ordem decrescente de ocorrencia, foram: Glomus macrocarpum > Scutellospora heterogama > Acaulospora scrobiculata = Acaulospora birreticulata > Glomus invermaium = Glomus occultum = Entrophospora colombiana > Glomus claroideum = Glomus constrictum > Scutellospora persica.

/pdf/identificacao-e-quantificacao-de-fungos-micorrizicos-3eethmcqkj.pdf

Identificação e quantificação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares autóctones em municípios produtores de citros no Rio Grande do Sul

The effect of two AMF (Gigaspora margarita and Scutellospora heterogama) on rooting and vegetative development of SO 4 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia) grapevine rootstock with different cutting length (one, two or three buds) was evaluated. The number of leafs and roots, the matter weight and dry roots and stems, and the bud size were measured a tenmonth period. Both AMF were efficient to increase SO 4 rootstock vegetative development. SO 4 rootstock survival and vegetative development increased with bud number. Therefore, the use of three buds cutting was recomended.

/pdf/desenvolvimento-do-porta-enxerto-so4-de-videira-afetado-pelo-algnwq4ds9.pdf

Desenvolvimento do porta-enxerto SO4 de videira afetado pelo número de gemas da estaca e por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares

Abstract Black pepper ( Piper nigrum L.) is one of important spice crop that has been grown and traded globally. In this few years, black pepper industry had recorded unsatisfactory yield production as its has been hampered with disease attacks. Almost all parts of the plant are susceptible to disease infections particularly disease that has been caused by fungal pathogens. This present study aims to isolate and identify fungal pathogen associated with black pepper disease in peninsular Malaysia. In one of sampling location in Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, two fungus were isolated from symptomatic leaves and berries of black peppers. The leaves produced yellowish to brownish lesions while the berries produce blackish lesions. Morphological identification based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics showed that the isolates produced similar characteristics with Fusarium and Diaporthe species. The pathogenicity was confirmed by an artificial inoculation test on healthy black pepper plants in which similar simptoms were observed on inoculated plant. Molecular identification based on DNA sequence analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) regions was conducted to confirm the identity of both isolates. The sequences were compared with other sequences from the NCBI GenBank database and the blast results indicate 99% percent similarity with Diaporthe phaseolorum and Fusarium polyphialidicum species. Constructed Phylogenetic tree also showed that the isolates were grouped together with the reference strain of Diaporthe phaseolorum and Fusarium polyphialidicum species. This is the first report of the occurrence of both species as pathogen of black pepper plant in peninsular Malaysia. 

Preliminary Identification of New Fungal Pathogen Isolated from Black Pepper Disease

Evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the incidence of Fusarium root rot of black pepper.

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Evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the incidence of Fusarium root rot of black pepper.