Merchants of Doubt. How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming

Naomi Klein's international bestseller This Changes Everything is a must-read on our future, one of the defining and most hopeful books of this era. Forget everything you think you know about global warming. It's not about carbon - it's about capitalism. The good news is that we can seize this crisis to transform our failed economic system and build something radically better. Once a decade, Naomi Klein writes a book that redefines its era. No Logo did so for globalization. The Shock Doctrine changed the way we think about austerity. In This Changes Everything, her most provocative and optimistic book yet, Naomi Klein has upended the debate about the stormy era already upon us, exposing the myths that are clouding the climate debate. You have been told the market will save us, when in fact the addiction to profit and growth is digging us in deeper every day. You have been told it's impossible to get off fossil fuels when in fact we know exactly how to do it - it just requires breaking every rule in the "free-market" play book. You have also been told that humanity is too greedy and selfish to rise to this challenge. In fact, all around the world, the fight back is already succeeding in ways both surprising and inspiring. It's about changing the world, before the world changes so drastically that no one is safe. Either we leap - or we sink. This Changes Everything is a book that will redefine our era. "The most important book I've read all year - perhaps in a decade...crucially, she leaves the reader with a sense of optimism." (Stephanie Merritt, Observer, Books of the Year). "A book of such ambition and consequence it is almost unreviewable...The most momentous and contentious environmental book since Silent Spring." (Rob Nixon, The New York Times). "Naomi is like a great doctor - she can diagnose problems nobody else sees." (Alfonso Cuaron). "Damn right, this changes everything...one of the greatest non fiction works of all time...not just a book. It is a path of survival." (D. R. Tucker, Washington Monthly).

This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate

The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future.

Contents Introduction First Lecture: On the Instability of the (Notion of) Nature A mutation of the relation to the world [yen] Four ways to be driven crazy by ecology [yen] The instability of the nature/culture relation [yen] The invocation of human nature [yen] The recourse to the natural world [yen] On a great service rendered by the pseudo-controversy over the climate [yen] Go tell your masters that the scientists are on the warpath! [yen] In which we seek to pass from nature to the world [yen] How to face up Second Lecture: How Not to (De-)Animate Nature Disturbing truths [yen] Describing in order to warn [yen] In which we concentrate on agency [yen] On the difficulty of distinguishing between humans and nonhumans [yen] And yet it moves! [yen] A new version of natural law [yen] On an unfortunate tendency to confuse cause and creation [yen] Toward a nature that would no longer be a religion? Third Lecture: Gaia, a (Finally Secular) Figure for Nature Galileo, Lovelock: Two symmetrical discoveries [yen] Gaia, an exceedingly treacherous mythical name for a scientific theory [yen] A parallel with Pasteur's microbes [yen] Lovelock too makes micro-actors proliferate [yen] How to avoid the idea of a system? [yen] Organisms make their own environment, they do not adapt to it [yen] On a slight complication of Darwinism [yen] Space, an offspring of history Fourth Lecture: The Anthropocene and the Destruction of (the Image of) the Globe The Anthropocene: an innovation [yen] Mente et Malleo [yen] A debatable term for an uncertain epoch [yen] An ideal opportunity to disaggregate the figures of Man and Nature [yen] Sloterdijk or the theological origin of the image of the Sphere [yen] Confusion between Science and the Globe [yen] Tyrrell against Lovelock [yen] Feedback loops do not draw a Globe [yen] Finally, a different principle of composition [yen] Melancholia, or the end of the Globe Fifth Lecture: How to Convene the Various Peoples (of Nature)? Two Leviathans, two cosmologies [yen] How to avoid war between the gods? [yen] A perilous diplomatic project [yen] The impossible convocation of a people of nature [yen] How to give negotiation a chance? [yen] On the conflict between science and religion [yen] Uncertainty about the meaning of the word end [yen] Comparing collectives in combat [yen] Doing without any natural religion Sixth Lecture: How (Not) to Put an End to the End of Times? The fateful date of 1610 [yen] Stephen Toulmin and the scientific counter-revolution [yen] In search of the religious origin of disinhibition [yen] The strange project of achieving Paradise on Earth [yen] Eric Voegelin and the avatars of Gnosticism [yen] On an apocalyptic origin of climate skepticism [yen] From the religious to the terrestrial by way of the secular [yen] A people of Gaia ? [yen] How to respond when accused of producing apocalyptic discourse Seventh Lecture: The States (of Nature) between War and Peace The Great Enclosure of Caspar David Friedrich [yen] The end of the State of Nature [yen] On the proper dosage of Carl Schmitt [yen] We seek to understand the normative order of the earth [yen] on the difference between war and police work [yen] How to turn around and face Gaia? [yen] Human versus Earthbound [yen] Learning to identify the struggling territories Eighth Lecture: How to Govern Struggling (Natural) Territories? In the Theater of Negotiations, Les Amandiers, May 2015 [yen] Learning to meet without a higher arbiter [yen] Extension of the Conference of the Parties to Nonhumans [yen] Multiplication of the parties involved [yen] Mapping the critical zones [yen] Rediscovering the meaning of the State [yen] Laudato Si' [yen] Finally, facing Gaia [yen] Earth, earth! Works Cited

Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climatic Regime

PART I: INTRODUCTION Editors' introduction Introductory overview: The Origins of Political Ecology Michael Watts PART II: ORIGINS, TRAJECTORIES AND FUTURES OF POLITICAL ECOLOGY Activist political ecology Ben Wisner Reflections on non-Anglophone political ecology Enrique Leff French research traditions on peasant agriculture Denis Gautier & Christian Kull Political ecology as trickster Paul Robbins The end of critique? Bruce Braun PART III: DOING POLITICAL ECOLOGY Ethics and Entanglement Juanita Sundberg Ethics in research beyond the human Rosemary-Claire Collard Relationship and Research Methods Abby Neely & Thoko Nguse Methods in Environmental Science Karl Zimmerer Activism and Direct Action Politics Nik Heynen & Levi Van Sant Political ecology as praxis Alex Loftus Political ecology and policy Brent McCusker Policy Networks and Moments of Government Tony Bebbington PART IV: CORE QUESTIONS AND CONCEPTS OF POLITICAL ECOLOGY A: Environmental Knowledge Political ecology and Actor-Network Theory Rebecca Lave Promises of Participation in Science and Political Ecology David Demeritt Indigenous/local environmental knowledge Leah Horowitz Participatory Mapping Joe Bryan Historical approaches Diana Davis B: Environmental Change Capitalist production of socio-natures Noel Castree Risk, hazards and vulnerability Jim Wescoat Climate change and environmental transformation Diana Liverman Environment and development: Reflections from Latin America Astrid Ulloa Livelihoods and social reproduction Ed Carr Political Ecologies of Disease and Health Brian King Environmental degradation and Marginalization Tor Benjaminsen Industrialization and environmental change Stefania Barca International trade, development and environment Alf Hornborg C: Environmental Governance Nature conservation Rod Neumann International Agri-food systems Derek Hall Certification regimes Tad Muttersbaugh Property and commodification Scott Prudham Neoliberalization of nature Karen Bakker Political ecology and state theory Morgan Robertson Eco-governmentality Gabriela Valdivia Energy and resources Matt Huber Biosecurity Celia Lowe Scales and polities Nathan Sayre D: Environmental Identities Gender/feminist political ecology 2 Rebecca Elmhirst Indigeneity Emily Yeh & Joe Bryan Class formation and nature Michael Ekers Nature, difference and the body Julie Guthman & Becky Mansfield E: Environmental Politics Social Movements Wendy Wolford & Sarah Keene Environmental justice Ryan Holifield Environmental conflict Philippe LeBillon Urbanization and environmental imaginaries Erik Swyngedouw Editor's conclusion

The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the historic fossil fuel and cement production records of the 50 leading investor-owned, 31 state-owned, and 9 nation-state producers of oil, natural gas, coal, and cement from as early as 1854 to 2010. This analysis traces emissions totaling 914 GtCO2e—63 % of cumulative worldwide emissions of industrial CO2 and methane between 1751 and 2010—to the 90 “carbon major” entities based on the carbon content of marketed hydrocarbon fuels (subtracting for non-energy uses), process CO2 from cement manufacture, CO2 from flaring, venting, and own fuel use, and fugitive or vented methane. Cumulatively, emissions of 315 GtCO2e have been traced to investor-owned entities, 288 GtCO2e to state-owned enterprises, and 312 GtCO2e to nation-states. Of these emissions, half has been emitted since 1986. The carbon major entities possess fossil fuel reserves that will, if produced and emitted, intensify anthropogenic climate change. The purpose of the analysis is to understand the historic emissions as a factual matter, and to invite consideration of their possible relevance to public policy.

/pdf/tracing-anthropogenic-carbon-dioxide-and-methane-emissions-5ethle37cy.pdf

Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers, 1854–2010

Researchers have quantified the contributions of industrialized and developing nations’ historical emissions to global surface temperature rise. Recent findings that nearly two-thirds of total industrial CO2 and CH4 emissions can be traced to 90 major industrial carbon producers have drawn attention to their potential climate responsibilities. Here, we use a simple climate model to quantify the contribution of historical (1880–2010) and recent (1980–2010) emissions traced to these producers to the historical rise in global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature, and sea level. Emissions traced to these 90 carbon producers contributed ∼57% of the observed rise in atmospheric CO2, ∼42–50% of the rise in global mean surface temperature (GMST), and ∼26–32% of global sea level (GSL) rise over the historical period and ∼43% (atmospheric CO2), ∼29–35% (GMST), and ∼11–14% (GSL) since 1980 (based on best-estimate parameters and accounting for uncertainty arising from the lack of data on aerosol forcings traced to producers). Emissions traced to seven investor-owned and seven majority state-owned carbon producers were consistently among the top 20 largest individual company contributors to each global impact across both time periods. This study lays the groundwork for tracing emissions sourced from industrial carbon producers to specific climate impacts and furthers scientific and policy consideration of their historical responsibilities for climate change.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10584-017-1978-0.pdf

The rise in global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature, and sea level from emissions traced to major carbon producers

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5abc/pdf

Attributing ocean acidification to major carbon producers

Evaluating fossil fuel companies’ alignment with 1.5 °C climate pathways

Recent research has quantified the contributions of CO2 andCH4 emissions traced to the products of major fossil fuel companies and cementmanufacturers to global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature, and sea level rise. This work has informed societal considerations of the climate responsibilities of thesemajor industrial carbon producers. Here, we extend this work to historical (1880–2015) and recent (1965–2015) acidification of theworld’s ocean. Using an energy balance carbon-cyclemodel, wefind that emissions traced to the 88 largest industrial carbon producers from 1880–2015 and 1965–2015 have contributed∼55%and∼51%, respectively, of the historical 1880–2015 decline in surface ocean pH. As ocean acidification is not spatially uniform, we employ a three-dimensional oceanmodel and identify fivemarine regions with large declines in surfacewater pH and aragonite saturation state over similar historical (average 1850–1859 to average 2000–2009) and recent (average 1960–1969 to average of 2000–2009) time periods.We characterize the biological and socioeconomic systems in these regions facing loss and damage fromocean acidification in the context of climate change and other stressors. Such analysis can inform societal consideration of carbon producer responsibility for current and near-term risks of further loss and damage to human communities dependent onmarine ecosystems andfisheries vulnerable to ocean acidification.

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Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers, 1854–2010

The rise in global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature, and sea level from emissions traced to major carbon producers

Attributing ocean acidification to major carbon producers

Evaluating fossil fuel companies’ alignment with 1.5 °C climate pathways

Attributing ocean acidification to major carbon producers