Scattering is becoming a very important alternative for research in biology. X-rays and neutrons permit to obtain information about the molecular processes, determine biological structures and even be helpful in the design of new drugs. Research in antimicrobials can also be benefited from instruments using these techniques. The history, physical foundations and theoretical apparatus that enable the extraction of information from scattering are explained. Big scientific facilities that play major role in scattering investigation are also mentioned. Some of them are already in operation, and others will provide the scientific community with powerful instruments in the short or medium term. Also, a basic description of the two most representative scattering techniques for biology is included. Finally, some success case of antimicrobials and biology investigations are included to illustrate the effectiveness of these experimental tools.

X-Ray and Neutron Scattering Foundations for the Research in Antimicrobials

The MEBT line of EURISOL heavy ion post- accelerator and the SPIRAL2 deuton/ion accelerator should transport a continuous wave (cw) beam from a 88.05 MHz RFQ (beta respectively 0.035 and 0.04) to a drift-tube linac. A high frequency chopper is being studied to select only 1 bunch over N, respectively 10 < N and 100 < N as asked by the physicists. It requires pulse voltages up to 2.5 k kV, rising in less than 6 ns at a repetition rate up to 8.8 MHz. These figures are at the border of what can be provided by the travelling wave fast choppers and the capacitive-type chopping technologies [1,2,3,4]. We have reviewed the current fast and slow chopping structures and their associated pulse generator [5]. Some preliminary RF simulations to adapt the present chopping devices to our requirements are presented. The main limitations of these technologies when applied to select one bunch in cw ion accelerators are also shown. Our first studies and results to solve the arising problems are discussed.

/pdf/a-single-bunch-selector-for-the-next-low-s-continuous-wave-3knl6dyfgd.pdf

A single bunch selector for the next low ß continuous wave heavy ion beam

This article proposes a novel multiphysics design of a resonator tuning system without using the conventional tuning screws. The proposed system and method could tune the resonant frequency of coaxial resonators by creating deformation on the cavity lids with imposed pressure. It can significantly optimize extra loss, passive intermodulation (PIM), and power-related issues caused by conventional tuning screws. A comprehensive multiphysics analysis is elaborated to establish the relationship between force, springback, and tuning frequencies. Novel dimensional analysis and dimensionless formulae are the first-ever introduced into the tuning process of a microwave resonator. The simulated and measured results have verified the effectiveness of this system and method. Instead of relying on individual experience in the traditional filter tuning process, the optimized solutions and guidelines for practical tuning can be easily achieved under various circumstances using the novel formulae. This system for verification successfully tuned a four-order filter. This method greatly satisfied the industrial demands for cost control and filled the niche in academics upon this nonscrew tuning topic. This work also lays a solid foundation for the next-generation automatic filter-tuning system.

Multiphysics Design of a Resonator Tuning System and Dimensionless Formulae

Los Alamos completed the R&D program for the SNS linac in September 2002 with publication of a comprehensive report on the SNS coupled-cavity linac (CCL) hot model. In this paper we summarize the results of this R&D program, including design of the bridge-coupled CCL, refinement of the design through cold models, and fabrication and testing of a hot model. We describe the RF system used to power the model, the prototype water-cooling and vacuum systems, and the experimental tests of these systems, including low-power, high-power, and radiation measurements. The CCL hot-model experiments answered vital questions about design, manufacturability, and stability for this type of RF structure.

Completion of CCL hot model for SNS-linac R&D program

Los Alamos completed design, fabrication, procurement, and initial testing (without beam) of the SNS medium-energy beam-transport (MEBT) chopper, including the meander-line traveling-wave structure and the electrical-pulser system. This report reviews the design parameters and discusses the fabrication process for the chopper structures, including measurements of the impedance and rise time. (The MEBT vacuum system and chopper-target beam stop were developed at and reported by LBNL.) We discuss the specifications for the pulse generator and its fabrication and testing at Directed Energy, Inc. of Ft. Collins, CO. Experimental tests of the chopper system are currently being performed at the SNS site at ORNL and will be reported separately.

/pdf/fabrication-of-the-mebt-chopper-system-for-the-spallation-44hws8vlvc.pdf

Fabrication of the MEBT chopper system for the Spallation Neutron Source

/pdf/spallation-neutron-source-sns-coupled-cavity-linac-hot-model-1vd0p8wb7c.pdf

Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Coupled-Cavity Linac Hot Model Report of the SNS Linac R&D Program

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Completion of CCL hot model for SNS-linac R&D program

Fabrication of the MEBT chopper system for the Spallation Neutron Source

Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Coupled-Cavity Linac Hot Model Report of the SNS Linac R&D Program